Encyclopedia of Animal Science - (Two-Volume Set)

Duane E. Ullrey, Charlotte Kirk Baer, Wilson G. Pond

Adaptation and Stress: Neuroendocrine, Physiological, and Behavioral Responses; Adaptation and Stress: State of Being; Agroterrorism; Amino Acids: Metabolism and Functions; Amino Acids: Utilization, Gene Expression, and Cell Signaling; Animal Source Foods (ASFs): Improvements; Animal Source Foods (ASFs): Listeria monocytogenes; Animal Source Foods (ASFs): Nutritional Value; Animal Source Foods (ASFs): Quality and Safety of Milk and Eggs; Animal Source Foods (ASFs): Safety of Non-Intact Beef Products; Antibiotics: Microbial Resistance; Antibiotics: Sub-Therapeutic Levels; Antimicrobial Use: Alternatives; Aquaculture; Artificial Insemination; Beef Cattle: Behavior Management and Well-Being; Beef Cattle: Breeds and Genetics; Beef Cattle: Carcass Composition and Quality; Beef Cattle: Crop Residues; Beef Cattle: Crossbreeding; Beef Cattle: Extensive Management; Beef Cattle: Housing; Beef Cattle: Inspection, Processing, and Marketing; Beef Cattle: Intensive Management; Beef Cattle: Manure Management; Beef Cattle: Marketing; Beef Cattle: Nutritional Management; Beef Cattle: Reproduction Management; Beef: Wholesale and Retail; Behavior: Aberrant; Behavior: Feeding; Behavior: Maternal; Behavior: Reproductive; Beta-Adrenergic Agonists; Bioavailability: Amino Acids; Bioavailability: Energy; Bioavailability: Fat-Soluble Vitamins; Bioavailability: Mineral Elements; Bioavailability: Water-Soluble Vitamins; Biodiversity: Germplasm Banks; Biodiversity: Grazing Management; Biofuel By-Products: Use of Glycerol in Ruminants; Biofuel By-Products: Wheat Distillers’ Grain for Cattle; Biomedical Research Models: Contributions to Society; Body Composition: Breed and Species Effects; Body Composition: Chemical Analysis; Body Composition: Genetic Influence; Body Composition: Indirect Measurement; Body Composition: Linear Dimensions; Body Composition: Nutritional Influences; Body Composition: Technical Options for Change; By-Product Feeds: Animal Origin; By-Product Feeds: Plant Origin; By-Products: Biological and Industrial Uses; Camelids; Carcass Composition and Quality: Genetic Influence; Carcass Composition and Quality: Postmortem; Cattle: Embryo Technology; Channel Catfish; Chickens: Behavior Management and Well-Being; Chickens: Broiler Housing; Chickens: Broiler Nutrition Management; Chickens: Broiler Reproduction Management; Chickens: Layer Health Management; Chickens: Layer Housing; Chickens: Layer Nutrition Management; Chickens: Layer Reproduction Management; Cloning by Nuclear Transfer; Colostrum; Companions and Pleasure: Contributions to Society; Conjugated Linoleic Acid; Contributions of Domestic Animals to Society; Crustaceans: Marine Shrimp; Crustaceans: Minor; Cytokine-Induced Hormone Resistance; Dairy Cattle: Behavior Management and State of Being; Dairy Cattle: Breeding and Genetics; Dairy Cattle: Health Management; Dairy Cattle: Nutrition Management; Dairy Cattle: Reproduction Management; Dairy Cattle: Waste Management; Deer and Elk; Digesta Processing and Fermentation; Disease Resistance: Genetics; Diseases: Metabolic Disorders of Ruminants; Domestication; Draft and Transport: Contributions to Society; Ducks: Health Management; Ducks: Nutrition Management; Ecology and Environment; Egg Products: Retail, Catering, and Food Service Products; Eggs: Composition and Structure; Eggs: Industrial Egg Products; Eggs: Marketing; Eggs: Pricing; Eggs: Processing, Inspection, and Grading; Eggs: Shell Egg Products; Embryo Transfer; Environment: Accommodations; Environment: Health Effects; Environmental Pollutants; Estrous Cycle: Cattle, Sheep, and Goat; Estrous Cycle: Mare and Sow; Estrous Synchronization: Cattle; Estrous Synchronization: Horses, Pigs, Sheep, and Goats; Ethanol By-Products: Beef; Ethanol By-Products: Dairy; Farm Animal Welfare: Economic Policies; Farm Animal Welfare: Economics; Farm Animal Welfare: Philosophical Aspects; Feed Quality: External Flow Markers; Feed Quality: Natural Plant Markers: Indigestible Fiber; Feed Quality: Natural Plant Wax Markers; Feed Supplements: Antibiotics; Feed Supplements: Crystalline Vitamins; Feed Supplements: Enzymes, Probiotics, and Yeasts; Feed Supplements: Mineral Salts; Feed Toxicants; Feedstuffs: High-Energy Sources; Feedstuffs: Nonconventional Energy Sources; Feedstuffs: Protein Sources; Feed-to-Food Conversion: Contributions to Society; Female Reproduction: Anatomy and Physiology; Female Reproduction: Endocrine System; Female Reproduction: Maternal–Fetal Relationship; Fertilization; Fiber-Producing Animals; Fishes: Major; Fishes: Minor; Food-Animal Production and Global Change Implications; Forages: Grasses; Forages: Legumes; Forages: Shrubs and Forbs; Functional Amino Acids; Functional Food Components: Eggs from Chickens; Functional Food Components: Ruminant-Derived Foods; Fur and Mink; Future of Animal Agriculture: Demand; Future of Animal Agriculture: Market Strategies; Future of Animal Agriculture: Urban and Rural Agriculture Ecosystems; Geese; Gene Action: Types; Gene Mapping; Genetically Engineered Animals in the Development of Treatments for Human Disease; Genetically Engineered Animals in the Production of Human Pharmaceuticals; Genetically Modified Feeds; Genetically Modified Feeds: Fate of Ingested DNA and Protein; Genetically Modified Feeds: Safety; Genetics: Mendelian; Genetics: Molecular; Genetics: Population; Genetics: Quantitative; Genomic Selection of Phenotype; Genomics; Genotype by Environment (G × E) Interactions; GI Tract: Anatomical and Functional Comparisons; GI Tract: Animal–Microbial Symbiosis; Goat Meat: Carcass Composition and Quality; Goat Milk: Composition and Characteristics; Goat Milk: Quality, Composition, Processing, and Marketing; Goats: Angora; Goats: Behavior, Stress, and Management; Goats: Breeding and Genetics; Goats: Breeds; Goats: Health Management; Goats: Nutrition Management; Grazing Behavior and Nutrient Intake; Grazing Livestock: Vegetation Management; Grazing: Soil Conservation; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Growth and Development: Avian Embryo; Growth and Development: Cell Differentiation; Growth and Development: Mammalian Fetus; Growth and Development: Peri-Implantation Embryo; Growth and Development: Postnatal; Growth and Development: Pre-Implantation Embryo; Handling: Behavior; Health: Diagnostics; Hormones: Anabolic Agents; Hormones: Protein; Hormones: Steroid; Horses: Behavior Management and Well-Being; Horses: Breeds, Breeding, and Genetics; Horses: Human Interactions; Horses: Nutrition Management; Horses: Reproduction Management; Immune System: Nutrition Effects; Immune System: Stress Effects; Immunity: Acquired; Immunity: Innate; Implantation; International Animal Germplasm Exchange; Kangaroo Harvesting; Lactation: Land Mammal Species Comparisons; Lactation: Marine Mammal Species Comparisons; Lactation: Physiology; Lamb: Carcass Composition and Quality; Lamb: International Marketing; Lamb: United States Marketing; Leptin: Pigs; Leptin: Poultry; Leptin: Ruminants; Lipids; Livestock Breeds; Livestock Programs in Prisons; Lower Digestive Tract Microbiology; Male Reproduction: Physiological Comparisons; Mammals: Carnivores; Mammals: Nonruminant Herbivores; Mammals: Omnivores; Mammals: Ruminants; Mammary Glands: Developmental Changes; Mammary Glands: Hormonal Regulation; Manure Nutrient Management; Manure, Fertilizer, and Fuel in Developed Countries: Contributions to Society; Mathematical Models: Metabolism; Mathematical Models: Population Dynamics; Mathematical Models: Production Systems; Mating Systems; Meat and Poultry: Quality and Safety; Meat Quality: Hydrodynamic Pressure Processing; Meat Quality: Live Evaluation of Cattle; Meat Quality: Visual Appraisal of Carcasses; Metabolic Modifiers; Milk Composition: Species Comparison; Milk Synthesis; Milk Yield Differences; Mineral Elements: Macro; Mineral Elements: Micro (Trace); Mitosis and Meiosis; Mohair: Biology and Characteristics; Mohair: Production and Marketing; Molecular Biology: Animal; Molecular Biology: Microbial; Molluscs; Myostatin: Physiology and Applications; Nutrient Management: Diet Modification; Nutrient Management: Water Quality and Use; Nutrient Requirements: Carnivores; Nutrient Requirements: Nonruminant Herbivores; Nutrient Requirements: Omnivores; Nutrient Requirements: Omnivores: Poultry and Swine; Nutrient Requirements: Ruminants; Nutrients: Digestion and Absorption; Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids; Ontogeny: Adipose Tissue; Ontogeny: Muscle; Ontogeny: Skeleton; Parasite and Nutrition Interaction: Nutrition Effects; Parasite and Nutrition Interaction: Parasite Infection Effects; Pathogens: Major Biological Hazards; Pathogens: Sources and Control; Phytases; Placenta: Development; Placenta: Functions; Placenta: Types; Policy Issues: Local and State Land Use Regulation; Policy Issues: Rural and Urban Community Effects; Pork: Carcass Composition and Quality; Pork: Inspection, Processing, and Marketing; Poultry Genetics and Breeding; Poultry Meat: Carcass Composition and Characteristics; Poultry Meat: Inspection and Grading; Poultry Meat: Manure and Wastewater Management; Poultry Meat: Processing; Prawn (Freshwater Shrimp) Culture; Pregnancy: Maternal Response; Pregnancy: Recognition and Signaling; Probiotics; Proteins; Proteins: Oxidation, Turnover, and Proteomics; Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL); Ratites: Biology, Housing, and Management; Ratites: Nutrition Management; Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin: Environmental Impact; Religious Foods: Jewish and Muslim Laws; Rumen Microbiology; Salmon; Selection: Marker Assisted; Selection: Traditional Methods; Sheep Milk and Milk Products: Composition; Sheep Milk and Milk Products: Processing and Marketing; Sheep Reproduction: Accelerated Lambing Systems; Sheep: Breeding and Genetics; Sheep: Health Management; Sheep: Nutrition Management; Sheep: Reproduction Management; Slaughter By-Products: Contributions to Society; Social Ethics; Somatotropin; Sperm Capacitation; Sperm: Sexing; Spermatogenesis, Sperm Transport, and Semen; Stem Cell and Germ Cell Technology; Superovulation; Swine: Behavior Management and Well-Being; Swine: Breeding and Genetics; Swine: Health Management; Swine: Intensive Management Systems; Swine: Product Marketing; Swine: Reproductive Management; Swine: Waste Management; Transgenic Animals; Transgenic Animals: Improved Performance; Transgenic Animals: Mitochondrial Genome Modification; Transgenic Animals: Secreted Products; Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: Biology and Disease; Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: Detection and Diagnosis; Turkeys: Behavior Management and Well-Being; Turkeys: Nutrition Management; Ultrasound Technology: Live Animal and Carcass Evaluation; Vitamin E–Selenium Interrelationship; Vitamins: Fat Soluble; Vitamins: Water Soluble: Biotin, Choline, Niacin, and Ascorbic Acid; Vitamins: Water Soluble: Pantothenic Acid, Folic Acid, and B 12; Vitamins: Water Soluble: Thiamin, Riboflavin, and B 6; Water; Water Buffalo; Water Buffalo: Reproduction Management; Well-Being and Handling; Well-Being Assessment: Behavioral Indicators; Well-Being Assessment: Concepts and Definitions; Well-Being Assessment: Physiological Criteria; Wild Animals in Domestic Environments: Husbandry Considerations; Wool: Biology and Production; Wool: Skirting, Classing, and Marketing; Xenotransplantation; Xenotransplantation: Biological Barriers; Yak; Zeolites: Natural; Zoo Animals