Twist of the Wrist II 2nd Edition (eBook)
The Basics of High-Performance Motorcycle Riding
eBook Download:
EPUB
2021
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1. Auflage
133 Seiten
Bookbaby (Verlag)
978-1-0983-9357-1 (ISBN)
133 Seiten
Bookbaby (Verlag)
978-1-0983-9357-1 (ISBN)
'A Twist of the Wrist II', the acknowledged number one book on rider improvement since 1993, has brought riders worldwide to a new understanding of vital riding skills. It uncovers and traces, action by action, the direct links between man and machine. Major technological improvement in both machines and riders' skills have prompted Keith to create this 2nd edition which includes notes on these advancements.
Here you will find the straight facts about riding! "e;A Twist of the Wrist II"e;, the acknowledged number one book on rider improvement since 1993, brought riders worldwide to a new understanding of vital riding skills. It uncovers and traces, action by action, the direct links between man and machine. Major technological improvement in both machines and riders' skills have prompted Keith to create this 2nd edition which includes notes on these advancements. In the Introduction and Chapter 25 you will find comments on Traction Control. In Chapter 19 Keith clarifies what is needed to successfully execute Pivot Steering. Chapter 12 is where Keith explains in greater detail how Steering Affects Throttle. Other small changes have been included throughout to make this riding technology even easier to understand.
Here you will find the straight facts about riding! "e;A Twist of the Wrist II"e;, the acknowledged number one book on rider improvement since 1993, brought riders worldwide to a new understanding of vital riding skills. It uncovers and traces, action by action, the direct links between man and machine. Major technological improvement in both machines and riders' skills have prompted Keith to create this 2nd edition which includes notes on these advancements. In the Introduction and Chapter 25 you will find comments on Traction Control. In Chapter 19 Keith clarifies what is needed to successfully execute Pivot Steering. Chapter 12 is where Keith explains in greater detail how Steering Affects Throttle. Other small changes have been included throughout to make this riding technology even easier to understand.
CHAPTER TWO
Throttle Control
Rule Number One
Can a Survival Reaction like on-and-off the throttle be educated and practiced out? What does the bike do in response to this common error? What motorcycle design features are violated by Survival Reaction-generated throttle errors? Are there rules and procedures for combating them? What are the positive survival and skill improvements in store for the rider who beats them? This, and the next four chapters will explain.
Understanding the Gas
Throttle control is a very precise subject with its own rules and standards. The techniques of throttle control are directly descended from motorcycle engineering specifications and allow your bike to perform up to the level for which it was designed. Throttle control techniques list out like a manual of requirements any modern-day bike demands of its rider. Understanding your bike’s specifications of performance is step one in overcoming the throttle control Survival Reactions (SRs) which detract from your riding.
Traction Specifications
When we talk about cornering we are talking about traction as the rider’s main concern. To determine an ideal scene for traction, machine-wise, we start by simply measuring the contact patches of the tires to discover what the basic distribution of loads should be while cornering. Roughly speaking, those measurements show that 40% of the total load should be up front, 60% at the rear. Bikes set up for racing and real GP machines carry more rear rubber, changing the usable load bias (possibly to as much as 70% on the rear) to favor hard acceleration coming off turns. Each bike’s exact ideal weight distribution may vary a bit from the basic 40/60% rule. The rider’s task is to match the exact load specs of his machine with expert use of the throttle. How do you do that?
“Real acceleration is at the exit of the turn.” — D.C.
The distribution of cornering loads follows your tire’s contact patch size — about 40% front to 60% rear. You adjust the tire load with the throttle (shown smaller than actual).
Light Touch
Considering that most machines in a static or constant speed situation have a 50/50 weight distribution (+ or – 5%) front-to-rear, we begin to calculate the guidelines of correct acceleration through a turn. By the numbers, we want to transfer 10 to 20% of the weight rearwards, using the throttle. Technically, this is .1 to .2 G of acceleration. Simply put, it’s the force generated by a smooth fifth gear roll-on in the 4000 to 6000 rpm range on pretty much anything over 600cc. That’s not much acceleration — but it does the job.
“You can start the ‘drive’ too early and make the front light and run wide. That will hurt your time for the straight.” — D.C.
“In every corner open the gas as soon as possible, keeping a light acceleration thru the middle.” — D.C.
It seems riders often have difficulty sorting out this small amount of traction-maintaining throttle through turns — instead, trying for more dramatic acceleration. This is most easily seen in the common error of being too “greedy” with the throttle at roll-on, which will make the bike run wide or slide and lead to a roll-off.
Rule Number One
Once the throttle is cracked on, it is rolled open evenly, smoothly, and continuously throughout the remainder of the turn.
“It’s not worth trying to get to the speed you ‘think’ you should have had, you’ll only make it worse trying to get it.” — D.C.
At the point where the correct transfer of weight is achieved by the rider (10 to 20% rearward) by using the throttle, any big changes in that weight distribution reduce available traction. Once the bike is fully leaned into a turn, changes in tire load, either evenly (both wheels) most easily done in a crested road situation, or alternately (front to back, back to front, from throttle-on/ throttle-off) must then either underweight or overweight the ideal load for that particular tire/ bike combination.
“Never play with the throttle through the corner.” — D.C.
No one is likely to chop the throttle in World Class racing.
Riding Skill
“Each guy feels something different. His setup and line might not work for you. You have to start by getting comfortable on the machine.” — D.C.
The rider’s special skill in applying Rule #1 is in his understanding and sensing of the bike’s requirements and delivering them with his “by the book” use of the rule. Riders do not improve their bikes, they simply help their bikes to work correctly.
“No chopping on and off before you’ve made the corner, it loads the front. Work on getting it cracked open first.” — D.C.
Obviously, any major hitches, hesitations or throttle-on/throttle-off actions cause less than the ideal scene to be achieved. And herein lies the problem with SR #1. It destabilizes the bike’s traction picture, instantly. The faster you’re going, the more dramatic the effect. Getting to and keeping a 40/60% weight balance is your basic throttle goal. Throttle Control Rule #1 combats SR #1.
Lost Ground
Whether your bike slides or not from throttle-on/throttle-off isn’t all that can happen. In a medium-speed turn (40 to 80 mph), each throttle-on/off/on will cost you at least 1 tenth of a second in lap time (in terms of distance, over one bike length) even if you are very good, and more if you aren’t very good. In higher-speed turns, the same throttle error will cost you more because the effects of wind drag are substantial in slowing a bike at the higher speeds.
“Entering a little slow isn’t so bad. You can get on the gas earlier. You don’t lose as much time as you think you would if you take advantage of it by getting it picked-up and exit quicker.” — D.C.
Survival Training
As a Survival Reaction, on/off the gas ranks first. Street riding makes the consequences of it seem mild and forgivable. In this sense, street riders train themselves to do it wrongly by simply allowing SR #1 to occur. On the other hand, the basic rule of throttle control can almost always be applied, at any speed, because it holds true for 99% of all turns and traction conditions. The exceptions are very rare, like a long downhill, decreasing-radius, off-camber and bumpy-in-the-middle turn. But even here you shouldn’t really roll off the throttle, you just stop rolling on for a moment.
Take a surprise slippery road situation, in a curve, as an example. Coming up to it and snapping off the gas will transfer 70 to 80% of the bike’s weight onto the front wheel, which is designed to carry only 35 to 40% while cornering. Staying on the gas is no guarantee the bike won’t go down, but you have to ask yourself this question: Are the chances of making it through the slippery corner improved or not improved by keeping the gas at least cracked on? Are the chances improved or aren’t they? Consider the extreme error of applying the front brake while leaned over and in slippery stuff, an error almost certain to result in a crash. That’s the direction you’re going when you roll off the throttle!
Going off the gas while sliding the rear would create an enormous handling problem!
Gas It
Is the bike more stable or less stable when it has the correct amount of weight on each tire? The old racing rule of “When in doubt, gas it!” does most certainly have some validity.
An extreme example of this happened to Doug Chandler at Sears Point Raceway in 1989, while he led the 750cc Supersport Race on dry pavement. His rear tire was so “cooked” that it began to slide going into the turns simply from being off the gas — another potential hazard of on/off the gas in high-load-cornering situations.
One lap he put down a strip of rubber at least 30 feet long as the back “came around” (slid) and the steering went all the way to stop. Staying off the throttle would have led to, without question, a massive highside. Of course, being the talented dirt tracker he is, Chandler turned on the gas, the rear tire spun and the bike wobbled as it straightened out, but he stayed on board and in the lead. On the gas was the only solution. What would you have done?
Questions
What is SR #1?
What is the definition of good, standard throttle control?
Does it agree or disagree with machine design?
How often does your right wrist roll off the throttle without permission?
“Since every bike...
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 4.8.2021 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Sport |
| ISBN-10 | 1-0983-9357-0 / 1098393570 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-0983-9357-1 / 9781098393571 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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