Cystoscopy and Urography (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Cystoscopy and Urography 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 6
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 8
COLOURED PLATES 16
PART 1: CYSTOSCOPY 18
CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL 18
CHAPTER II. THE CYSTOSCOPE 22
DESCRIPTION OF THE INDIRECT OR PRISMATIC CYSTOSCOPE 23
THE CARE AND STERILIZATION OF THE CYSTOSCOPE 39
THE EXAMINATION OF THE CYSTOSCOPE BEFORE USE: TRACING FAULTS 42
ADJUSTING THE CURRENT 45
STORE OF LAMPS 46
SOURCES OF CURRENT 47
CHAPTER III. EXAMINATION OF A UROLOGICAL PATIENT 49
ORDER OF INVESTIGATION 49
INDICATIONS FOR AND CONTRA-INDICATIONS TO CYSTOSCOPY 52
ANÆSTHESIA 52
PREPARATION OF THE BLADDER 59
THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CYSTOSCOPE 71
THE EXAMINATION OF THE BLADDER 75
CHAPTER IV. THE NORMAL BLADDER 85
THE MUCOSA 85
THE BLADDER MUSCULATURE 88
THE TRIGONE 88
NOMENCLATURE OF OTHER PORTIONS OF THE BLADDER 90
URETERIC ORIFICES 91
MOVEMENTS OF THE BLADDER WALL 96
THE AIR BUBBLE 96
CHAPTER V. CYSTITIS. SIMPLE ULCERATION 97
CYSTITIS 97
SIMPLE ULCERATION OF THE BLADDER 116
CHAPTER VI. TUBERCULOSIS OF THE URINARY TRACT 122
BLADDER APPEARANCES IN URINARY TUBERCULOSIS 126
DIAGNOSIS OF THE KIDNEY PRIMARILY AFFECTED 134
EXAMINATION OF THE OPPOSITE KIDNEY 135
HEALING OF THE BLADDER 136
UROGRAPHY IN RENAL TUBERCULOSIS 137
CHAPTER VII. SYPHILIS OF THE BLADDER 150
CHAPTER VIII. BILHARZIASIS OF THE BLADDER 153
CHAPTER IX. TRABECULATION AND DIVERTICULA 156
TRABECULATION 156
TRABECULATION OCCURRING IN DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 160
FALSE DIVERTICULA 160
TRUE DIVERTICULA 161
CHAPTER X. TUMOURS OF THE BLADDER 172
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPTOMLESS HÆMATURIA AND THE NECESSITY FOR ITS EARLY CYSTOSCOPIC INVESTIGATION 172
THE EXAMINATION OF VESICAL NEOPLASMS 178
TUMOURS OF CONNECTIVE-TISSUE ORIGIN 183
TUMOURS OF EPITHELIAL ORIGIN 183
CYSTOGRAPHY 207
THE PERURETHRAL TREATMENT OF SIMPLE PAPILLOMA OF THE BLADDER 210
CHEMICAL COAGULATION OF BLADDER TUMOURS 226
CHAPTER XI. VESICAL CALCULUS 227
INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOSCOPY 227
TECHNIQUE 228
CHAPTER XII. FOREIGN BODIES IN THE BLADDER 240
CHAPTER XIII. URETEROCELE. URETERIC PROLAPSE 245
URETEROCELE 245
CHAPTER XIV. FISTULA OF THE BLADDER 253
INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOSCOPY 253
FISTULÆ TO INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS 256
SUPRAPUBIC AND VESICO-VAGINAL FISTULÆ 258
CHAPTER XV. A MISCELLANY OF BLADDER CONDITIONS 260
LEUCOPLAKIA 260
PURPURA OF THE URINARY TRACT 262
VARIX 264
CHAPTER XVI. FUNNEL-NECK DEFORMITY OF THE BLADDER 267
ANATOMY OF BLADDER CLOSURE 268
IMPORTANCE AND FREQUENCY OF THE SIGN 269
CHAPTER XVII. PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY AND OTHER DISEASES OF THE PROSTATE. ENDOSCOPIC PROSTATIC SURGERY 275
INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOSCOPY 275
THE DANGERS OF CYSTOSCOPY IN PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT 276
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 276
TECHNIQUE OF CYSTOSCOPY 282
THE VESICAL COMPLICATIONS OF PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY 292
MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES OF THE PROSTATE 293
ENDOSCOPIC PROSTATIC SURGERY 294
CHAPTER XVIII. ALTERATIONS IN THE BLADDER RESULTING FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE UTERUS 311
ALTERATIONS DUE TO PREGNANCY 311
UTERINE DISPLACEMENTS 312
TUMOURS OF THE UTERUS 315
CHAPTER XIX. URETERIC CATHERIZATION 319
THE CATHETERIZING CYSTOSCOPE 319
URETERIC CATHETERS AND BOUGIES 325
THE TECHNIQUE OF URETERIC CATHETERIZATION 329
DANGERS OF URETERIC CATHETERIZATION 338
CHAPTER XX. STONE IN THE URETER 341
DIAGNOSIS 341
TREATMENT 353
CALCULOUS ANURIA 363
RENAL COLIC 364
CHAPTER XXI. DISEASES OF THE KIDNEY 366
URETERIC MEATOSCOPY IN RENAL DISEASE 366
URETERIC CATHETERIZATION IN DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASE 372
CHAPTER XXII. CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE KIDNEY AND URETER 375
GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 376
UNILATERAL FUSED KIDNEY 386
RENAL HYPOPLASIA 392
SOLITARY KIDNEY 393
ABSENCE OF BOTH KIDNEYS 397
SUPERNUMERARY KIDNEY 398
DUPLICATION AND BIFIDITY OF THE URETER 398
ERRORS OF IMPLANTATION OF THE URETER 407
CHAPTER XXIII. RENAL FUNCTION TESTS 414
EXCRETION TESTS 415
RETENTION TEST: THE BLOOD-UREA TEST 424
VALUE OF SEPARATE RENAL FUNCTION TESTS 424
PART 2: UROGRAPHY 428
CHAPTER XXIV. INSTRUMENTAL PYELOGRAPHY AND URETEROGRAPHY 430
DATA SUPPLIED BY PYELOGRAPHY 430
TECHNIQUE OF PYELOGRAPHY 431
THE NORMAL RENAL PELVIS 436
MOVABLE KIDNEY 441
HYDRONEPHROSIS 442
HYDRO-URETER 453
SIMPLE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY 456
RENAL TUBERCULOSIS 457
POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY 457
RENAL TUMOURS 458
RENAL CALCULUS 461
CHAPTER XXV. PELVIC RESORPTION 467
PYELOVENOUS BACKFLOW 468
OTHER ROUTES OF RESORPTION 477
PRACTICAL APPLICATION 481
CHAPTER XXVI. EXCRETION UROGRAPHY 482
HISTORICAL 482
TECHNIQUE OF INJECTION 486
FATE OF THE DRUG IN THE BODY 487
RADIOLOGICAL RESULTS 488
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY TRACT 490
INDICATIONS FOR AND CONTRA-INDICATIONS TO EXCRETION UROGRAPHY 490
APPRAISEMENT 492
RENAL FUNCTION TESTING 493
EXCRETION UROGRAPHY IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS 496
CHAPTER XXVII. PYELOSCOPY. CINEMATOGRAPHIC PYELOGRAPHY 503
PYELOSCOPY 503
TECHNIQUE 503
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PYELOSCOPY 505
CINEMATOGRAPHIC PYELOGRAPHY 507
INDEX 508