Cystoscopy (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Cystoscopy 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 6
CYSTOSCOPY 18
CHAPTER 1. HISTORICAL. 18
CHAPTER 2. THE CYSTOSCOPE 22
DESCRIPTION OF THE INDIRECT OR PRISMATIC CYSTOSCOPE. 23
THE CARE AND STERILIZATION OF THE CYSTOSCOPE 39
THE EXAMINATION OF THE CYSTOSCOPE BEFORE USE: TRACING FAULTS 41
ADJUSTING THE CURRENT 45
STORE OF LAMPS 45
SOURCES OF CURRENT 46
CHAPTER 3. EXAMINATION OF A UROLOGICAL PATIENT 48
ORDER OF INVESTIGATION 48
INDICATIONS FOR AND CONTRA-INDICATIONS TO CYSTOSCOPY 51
ANESTHESIA 51
PREPARATION OF THE BLADDER 56
THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CYSTOSCOPE 68
THE EXAMINATION OF THE BLADDER 72
CHAPTER 4. THE NORMAL BLADDER 82
THE MUCOSA 82
THE BLADDER MUSCULATURE 83
THE TRIGONE 83
NOMENCLATURE OF OTHER PORTIONS OF THE BLADDER 87
URETERIC ORIFICES 87
MOVEMENTS OF THE BLADDER WALL 94
THE AIR BUBBLE 95
CHAPTER 5. CYSTITIS. SIMPLE ULCERATION. LEUCOPLAKIA 96
CYSTITIS 96
SIMPLE ULCERATION OF THE BLADDER 115
LEUCOPLAKIA 117
CHAPTER 6. TUBERCULOSIS OF THE URINARY TRACT 120
BLADDER APPEARANCES IN URINARY TUBERCULOSIS 126
DIAGNOSIS OF THE KIDNEY PRIMARILY AFFECTED 134
EXAMINATION OF THE OPPOSITE KIDNEY 135
HEALING OF THE BLADDER 136
CHAPTER 7. SYPHILIS OF THE BLADDER 138
CHAPTER 8. BILHARZIASIS OF THE BLADDER 141
CHAPTER 9. TRABECULATION AND DIVERTICULA 143
TRABECULATION 143
TRABECULATION OCCURRING IN DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 147
FALSE DIVERTICULA 147
TRUE DIVERTICULA 147
CHAPTER 10. TUMOURS OF THE BLADDER 155
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPTOMLESS HLEMATURIA AND THE NECESSITY FOR ITS EARLY CYSTOSCOPIC INVESTIGATION 155
THE EXAMINATION OF VESICAL NEOPLASMS 162
TUMOURS OF CONNECTIVE-TISSUE ORIGIN 166
TUMOURS OF EPITHELIAL ORIGIN 166
THE PERURETHRAL TREATMENT OF SIMPLE PAPILLOMA OF THE BLADDER 181
CHAPTER 11. VESICAL CALCULUS 196
INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOSCOPY 196
TECHNIQUE 197
EXAMINATION OF THE BLADDER 200
CHAPTER 12. FOREIGN BODIES IN THE BLADDER 208
CHAPTER 13. URETEROCELE 213
CHAPTER 14. VARIX AND MALAKOPLAKIA OF THE BLADDER 218
VARIX 218
MALAKOPLAKIA 218
CHAPTER 15. PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY 220
INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOSCOPY 220
THE DANGERS OF CYSTOSCOPY IN PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT 221
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 221
TECHNIQUE OF CYSTOSCOPY 228
THE VESICAL COMPLICATIONS OF PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY 235
MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES OF THE PROSTATE 236
CHAPTER 16. ALTERATIONS IN THE BLADDER RESULTING FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE UTERUS 238
ALTERATIONS DUE TO PREGNANCY 238
UTERINE DISPLACEMENTS 239
TUMOURS OF THE UTERUS 242
CHAPTER 17. URETERIC CATHETERIZATION 245
THE CATHETERIZING CYSTOSCOPE 245
URETERIC CATHETERS AND BOUGIES 251
THE TECHNIQUE OF URETERIC CATHETERIZATION 255
DIFFICULTIES OF URETERIC CATHETERIZATION 261
DANGERS OF URETERIC CATHETERIZATION 267
CHAPTER 18. STONE IN THE URETER 269
DIAGNOSIS 269
TREATMENT 279
TECHNIQUE OF VARIOUS PROCEDURES 281
CALCULOUS ANURIA 286
RENAL COLIC 287
CHAPTER 19. DISEASES OF THE KIDNEY 289
URETERIC MEATOSCOPY IN RENAL DISEASE 289
URETERIC CATHETERIZATION IN DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASE 297
CHAPTER 20. RENAL FUNCTION TESTS 300
SELECTION OF TESTS FOR RENAL FUNCTION 300
THE UREA-CONCENTRATION TEST 302
DYE OR COLOUR TESTS 303
THE BLOOD-UREA TEST 309
VALUE OF SEPARATE RENAL FUNCTION TESTS 309
CHAPTER 21. PYELOGRAPHY 313
DATA SUPPLIED BY PYELOGRAPHY 313
TECHNIQUE OF PYELOGRAPHY 314
THE NORMAL RENAL PELVIS 318
CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE KIDNEY 324
MOVABLE KIDNEY 327
HYDRONEPHROSIS 328
HYDRO-URETER 333
SIMPLE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY 339
RENAL TUBERCULOSIS 339
POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY 340
RENAL TUMOURS 341
RENAL CALCULUS 346
INDEX 348