Medical Cell Biology (eBook)

Front cover 1
Medical Cell Biology 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 8
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1: Tools of the Cell Biologist 16
MICROSCOPY: ONE OF THE EARLIEST TOOLS OF THE CELL BIOLOGIST 20
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 30
ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY 33
MORE TOOLS OF CELL BIOLOGY 34
THE TECHNIQUES OF PROTEOMICS AND GENOMICS ARE DISCUSSED IN LATER CHAPTERS 40
SUMMARY 40
Suggested Readings 41
Chapter 2: Cell Membranes 42
MEMBRANE LIPIDS 44
MEMBRANE PROTEIN ORGANIZATION 53
DONNAN EFFECT AND ITS RELATION TO WATER FLOW 61
FACILITATED TRANSPORT 62
ACTIVE TRANSPORT 63
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT 63
ION CHANNELS AND MEMBRANE POTENTIALS 64
SUMMARY 71
Suggested Readings 72
Chapter 3: Cytoskeleton 74
MICROFILAMENTS 74
ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS 96
SPECTRIN MEMBRANE SKELETON 97
REGULATION OF ACTIN DYNAMICS 103
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS 104
MICROTUBULES 106
SUMMARY 115
Suggested Readings 115
Chapter 4: Organelle Structure and Function 116
THE NUCLEUS 118
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 119
LEAVING THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: A PARADIGM FOR VESICULAR TRAFFIC 133
THE GOLGI APPARATUS 136
ENDOCYTOSIS, ENDOSOMES, AND LYSOSOMES 143
LYSOSOMES 147
MITOCHONDRIA 149
PEROXISOMES 160
SUMMARY 162
Suggested Readings 163
Chapter 5: Regulation of Gene Expression 164
CELL NUCLEUS 164
DNA REPLICATION AND REPAIR ARE CRITICAL NUCLEAR FUNCTIONS 171
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION 180
GENETIC THERAPY 204
SUMMARY 205
Suggested Readings 205
Chapter 6: Cell Adhesion and the Extracellular Matrix 206
CELL ADHESION 207
INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS 210
CELL ADHESION HAS MANY IMPORTANT ROLES IN TISSUE FUNCTION 222
CELL ADHESION RECEPTORS TRANSMIT SIGNALS THAT REGULATE CELL BEHAVIOR 228
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 230
SUMMARY 239
Suggested Readings 239
Chapter 7: Intercellular Signaling 242
GENERAL MODES OF INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING 242
HORMONES 243
GROWTH FACTORS 249
HISTAMINE 252
GASES: NITRIC OXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE 253
EICOSANOIDS 254
NEUROTRANSMITTERS 256
SUMMARY 262
Suggested Readings 263
Chapter 8: Cell Signaling Events 264
SIGNALING IS OFTEN MEDIATED BY CELL-SURFACE RECEPTORS 264
RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES AND RAS-DEPENDENT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 265
SIGNALING BY CATALYTIC RECEPTORS/SERINE-THREONINE KINASES 268
SIGNALING BY NONKINASE RECEPTORS 271
SIGNALING BY STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS REQUIRES LIGAND INTERACTION WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM OR NUCLEUS 277
SIGNALING BY G-PROTEIN–COUPLED RECEPTORS INVOLVES CLEAVAGE OF GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE TO GUANOSINE DIPHOSPHATE 280
SIGNALING BY THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM 281
SIGNALING BY THE JAK/STAT PATHWAY 282
CALCIUM/CALMODULIN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 282
SIGNALING BY THE CALCINEURIN/NFAT PATHWAY 283
SIGNALING BY ION CHANNEL RECEPTORS 283
SIGNALING IN MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY 285
SUMMARY 285
Suggested Reading 286
Chapter 9: The Cell Cycle and Cancer 288
CELL CYCLE: HISTORY 288
THE CELL CYCLE IS REGULATED BY CYCLIN AND RELATED PROTEINS 290
MITOSIS 293
MEIOSIS 295
SENSORS RECOGNIZE SITES OF DNA DAMAGE 297
CELL-CYCLE ALTERATIONS AND CANCER 301
THE CHECKPOINT KINASES AND CANCER 303
SUMMARY 304
Suggested Readings 304
Chapter 10: Programmed Cell Death 306
DISTINCT FORMS OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 307
NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTORS 310
CASPASES 311
BCL-2 PROTEINS 315
SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT PROMOTE CELL SURVIVAL 317
APOPTOSIS AND HUMAN DISEASE 320
SUMMARY 321
Suggested Readings 322
Index 324
Exam Preparation and Review 336