Understanding Digital Libraries (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Understanding Digital Libraries 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
List of Figures 14
List of Tables 20
Figure Credits 22
Preface 28
Chapter 1. Evolution of Libraries 34
1.1 Why Digital Libraries? 34
1.2 History of Libraries 36
1.3 Vannevar Bush 46
1.4 Computer Technology 49
1.5 Early Language Processing 56
1.6 The Internet and the Web 58
1.7 Summary 62
Chapter 2. Text Documents 64
2.1 Computer Typesetting 65
2.2 Text Formats 68
2.3 Ways of Searching 72
2.4 Web Searching 84
2.5 Thesauri 85
2.6 Statistical Language Processing 86
2.7 Document Conversion 88
2.8 Summary 92
Chapter 3. Images of Pages 94
3.1 Scanning 95
3.2 Image Formats 101
3.3 Display Requirements 102
3.4 Indexing Images of Pages 106
3.5 Shared Text/Image Systems 110
3.6 Image Storage vs. Book Storage 113
3.7 Large Scale Projects 120
3.8 Summary 121
Chapter 4. Multimedia Storage and Retrieval 124
4.1 Sound Formats: Vinyl, Tape, and CD 124
4.2 Pictures: GIF and JPEG 128
4.3 Color 131
4.4 Image Search 133
4.5 Automatic Speech Recognition 138
4.6 Moving Images 140
4.7 Summary 148
Chapter 5. Knowledge Representation Schemes 150
5.1 Library Classifications 152
5.2 Indexing: Words and Thesauri 160
5.3 Metadata 165
5.4 Knowledge Structures 167
5.5 Hypertext 170
5.6 Vector Models 172
5.7 XML and the Semantic Web 176
5.8 User-Provided Links 181
5.9 Summary 183
Chapter 6. Distribution 186
6.1 Books, CD-ROMs, and DVDs 186
6.2 Computer Networks 190
6.3 Information on the Internet 198
6.4 Grid Computing 201
6.5 Open Source and Proprietary Systems 203
6.6 Handheld Devices 205
6.7 Security and Cryptography 207
6.8 Privacy 214
6.9 Summary 217
Chapter 7. Usability and Retrieval Evaluation 218
7.1 General Human Factors Considerations 219
7.2 Text Displays: Fonts and Highlighting 222
7.3 Image Displays and Compression Systems 224
7.4 Web Page Graphics 226
7.5 Interface Controls: Menus and Keywords 228
7.6 Access Methods 236
7.7 Retrieval Evaluation 242
7.8 Page Ranking and Google 246
7.9 Summary 248
Chapter 8. User Needs 250
8.1 Overview 250
8.2 User Services 252
8.3 Acceptance in the Past: Why Not Microfilm? 253
8.4 Finding Library Materials 254
8.5 Web Searching 256
8.6 Performance Measurement 259
8.7 Need for Quality 261
8.8 Summary 264
Chapter 9. Collections And Preservations 266
9.1 Traditional Paper Collections 266
9.2 Traditional Preservation Problems: Acid Paper and Perfect Binding 269
9.3 Digitizing Special Collections and Archives 274
9.4 Preservation Through Sharing and Distribution 278
9.5 New Materials and Their Durability 281
9.6 Emulation as a Preservation Technique 292
9.7 Summary 293
Chapter 10. Economics 294
10.1 Library Benefits 296
10.2 Traditional Economics and Economies of Scale 299
10.3 Scholarly Publishing Today 301
10.4 Models for Library Funding 304
10.5 Access vs. Ownership 311
10.6 Administrative Costs 312
10.7 Electronic Commerce 319
10.8 The "dot-com" Boom and Bust 322
10.9 The Future of Quality Information 322
10.10 Summary 324
Chapter 11. Intellectual Property Rights 326
11.1 History of Copyright Law 328
11.2 History of Patent Law 334
11.3 Access Regulation and Control 338
11.4 Technology for Intellectual Property Protection 340
11.5 Peer to Peer Systems 349
11.6 Summary and Future Research 352
Chapter 12. A World Tour of Digital Libraries 354
12.1 Information Policy, Not Industrial Policy 354
12.2 Multilingual Issues 357
12.3 Multicultural Issues 359
12.4 Text-oriented Projects 361
12.5 Images 369
12.6 Sound and Music 375
12.7 Video 376
12.8 3-D Images 379
12.9 Scholarship in Digital Libraries 382
12.10 Scientific Data 386
12.11 Access and Infrastructure 390
12.12 Summary 391
Chapter 13. Scope of Digital Libraries 394
13.1 Readers 394
13.2 Authors 396
13.3 Flow Control 398
13.4 Education 400
13.5 Science 401
13.6 Technology and Creativity 402
13.7 How Big Can They Get? 404
13.8 Summary 405
Chapter 14. Future: Ubiquity, Diversity, Creativity, and Public Policy 408
14.1 Dream to be Realized 408
14.2 Future Roles in Information Handling 411
14.3 Effect of Digital Technology on Universities 413
14.4 Digital Libraries and Society 414
14.5 Digital Libraries, Society, and Creativity 415
14.6 Public Policy Questions 417
14.7 Projections 418
References 420
Index 446