Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 30 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1. Promotion and Prevention: Regulatory Focus as a Motivational Principle 12
I. Introduction 12
II. Ideals and Oughts as Motivationally Distinct Desired End States 15
III. Regulatory Focus and Its Relation to Ideal and Ought Self-Regulation 24
IV. Situational Variability in Regulatory Focus 30
V. Promotion and Prevention Strategic Differences 38
VI. General Conclusions 48
References 52
Chapter 2. The Other “Authoritarian Personality” 58
I. The Submissive Personality 59
II. The Dominant Personality 64
References 101
Chapter 3. Person Perception Comes of Age: The Salience and Significance of Age in Social Judgments 104
I. Introduction 104
II. Identifying Age from Physical Cues 107
III. Categorization and Differential Treatment Based on Age 113
IV. Impression Formation and Age-Overgeneralization Effects 120
V. The Contribution of Age-Related Physical Cues to Social Stereotypes 132
VI. Social and Psychological Outcomes of Age-Overgeneralization Effects 135
VII. Age and Self-Identity 150
VIII. The Relative Impact of Age on Social Judgments 154
IX. Conclusions 159
References 160
Chapter 4. On the Perception of Social Consensus 174
I. The Historical Roots of Research on Projection 175
II. Projection as False Consensus 176
III. Projection as Induction 194
IV. Projection as Egocentrism 212
V. Projection in Social Context 232
VI. Conclusions 241
References 242
Chapter 5. Prejudice and Stereotyping in Everyday Communication 252
I. Communication to and about Outgroups Reflects How They Are Cognitively Represented 254
II. Communication about Outgroups Often Includes Efforts To Appear Nonprejudiced 274
III. Communication about Outgroups and Affirms Shared Ounderstanding about Them 283
IV. Communication about Outgroups Influences Both Communicatiors and Receivers 297
V. Conclusion 310
References 312
Chapter 6. Situated Optimism: Specific Outcome Expectancies and Self-Regulation 320
I. Introduction 320
II . Conceptual and Empirical Foundations: The Expressions and Causes of Optimistic Expectations 326
Ill. Understanding :he Consequences: The Dilemma of Unrealistic Optimism 341
IV. Resolving the Dilemma of Unrealistic Optimism 350
V. Summary and Conceptual Issues 364
References 375
Index 392
Contents of Other Volumes 406