Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 8
Chapter 1: The Commitment-Insurance System: Self-Esteem and the Regulation of Connection in Close Relationships 10
1. The Commitment-Insurance System 12
1.1. The "If-then" contingencies of exchange 13
1.2. If partner committed, then pursue connectedness 18
1.3. Revisiting the sociometer 20
2. The Commitment-Insurance System: The Empirical Progression 20
2.1. If equal to partner, then partner is committed 21
2.2. The alarm and repair contingencies 30
2.3. If partner committed, then pursue connectedness 42
3. Theoretical Innovations, Applications, and New Directions 47
3.1. The historical context 47
3.2. Dyadic strength: A motivational perspective on interdependence theory 49
3.3. Judging equivalence: What counts? 55
3.4. The duality of interdependent life 57
3.5. Taking levels of processing perspectives one step further 63
4. Conclusion 64
Acknowledgments 64
References 64
Chapter 2: Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map 70
1. Introduction 71
1.1. Defining warmth and competence 74
1.2. The stereotype content model and the BIAS map 75
2. Warmth and Competence as Fundamental Dimensions of Social Perception 80
2.1. Interpersonal perception 80
2.2. Intergroup perception 83
2.3. Primacy of warmth 98
3. Social Structural Roots of Warmth and Competence Judgments 101
3.1. Why social status should predict competence judgments 103
3.2. Why competition should predict warmth judgments 103
3.3. US tests of SCM structural hypotheses 105
3.4. Cross-cultural tests of SCM structural hypotheses 107
3.5. Converging theory and evidence 108
4. Emotional, Behavioral, and Attributional Consequences 111
4.1. Prejudiced emotions: Admiration, contempt, envy, and pity 111
4.2. Behaviors: Active and passive, facilitation and harm 116
5. Spotlight on Ambivalent Combinations: Warm-Incompetent and Competent-Cold 128
5.1. Pitying prejudice: Warm but incompetent 128
5.2. Envious prejudice: Competent but cold 133
6. Current and Future Directions and Summary 138
6.1. Current and future directions 139
6.2. Summary 146
Acknowledgments 146
References 146
Chapter 3: A Reciprocal Influence Model of Social Power: Emerging Principles and Lines of Inquiry 160
1. Traditions in the Empirical Study of Power 162
2. Ultrasociality and Human Hierarchies 163
3. A Reciprocal Influence Model of Social Power 165
4. The Acquisition of Social Power 167
4.1. The disposition to engage socially predicts the acquisition of social power 168
4.2. Displays of power: Strategic signals of social engagement 170
5. Power and Social Constraint Processes 172
5.1. Reputation and gossip as power constraint processes 173
5.2. Modesty 177
6. Power as an Interaction Heuristic 178
7. Power as a Social Affordance 179
8. Power as a Prioritization Device 182
8.1. Power and the amplification of preexisting inclinations 182
8.2. Power and interpersonal responsiveness 183
9. Future Directions: The Experience of Power and Class and Ideology 187
9.1. The experience of power: Reciprocal influence dynamics 187
9.2. Power and the ideologies of agency and obligation 189
10. Conclusion 194
References 195
Chapter 4: Psychological Aspects of Retributive Justice 202
1. Retributive Justice, in Relation to Other Kinds of Justice 203
1.1. Other systems for harm-based justice 204
1.2. Retributive principles, criminal justice system practices, and policy issues 205
2. What Motivates the Desire to Punish? 206
2.1. Methodological issues 206
2.2. Verbal reports 207
2.3. Behavioral measures 207
2.4. Retribution 208
2.5. Utility 209
2.6. Specific deterrence 209
2.7. Incapacitation 209
2.8. General deterrence 210
2.9. Carlsmith (2006) 212
2.10. Darley et.al. (2000) 213
2.11. Carlsmith et.al. (2002) 214
2.12. Individual differences 215
2.13. Connections with previous research 218
3. The Impulse to Punish as an Intuition 220
3.1. The role of the reasoning system in moral judgments 222
4. Policy Implications 227
4.1. Evidence for discrepancies between legal codes and community intuitions 228
4.2. When do steps toward a crime cross the line to become a crime? 230
4.3. The ex-anti function: Do people know the criminal law? 232
5. Conclusion 242
References 244
Chapter 5: Majority Versus Minority Influence, Message Processing and Attitude Change: The Source-Context-Elaboration Model 246
1. Introduction 247
2. Theoretical Models 249
2.1. Main effects models 249
2.2. Contingency models 253
2.3. Summary of approaches 258
3. Research Examining Message Processing 259
3.1. Message processing for majority source only 263
3.2. Message processing for both majority and minority source 264
3.3. Message processing for either majority or minority in different situations 265
3.4. Integration of findings 269
4. The Source-Context-Elaboration Model of Majority and Minority Influence 272
4.1. Processes 272
4.2. Contexts affecting when processes occur 276
4.3. Nature of attitudes following majority and minority influence 280
5. Research Program 281
5.1. General methodology and procedure 281
5.2. Experimental studies 286
5.3. Summary 305
6. Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Current and Future Research 306
6.1. Methodological issues in our research program 306
6.2. Theoretical issues and future research 313
7. Conclusions 321
7.1. Majority versus minority influence: When, not whether 321
7.2. Minorities, democracy, and fairness 322
7.3. Epilogue 323
Acknowledgments 324
References 324
Index 336
Contents of Other Volumes 342