Confronting Racism

Robert T. Carter, PhD, is professor of psychology and education at Teachers college, Columbia University. He is also a faculty member of Columbia University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Thomas D. Scheuermann, MA, JD, serves on the Graduate Faculty of Oregon State University, College of Liberal Arts, where he teaches courses in legal issues in higher education, and American higher education history.

1 An Introduction to Racism and What It Means to Confront It; Part 1 What Do We Know About the History of Racial Injustice? Historical and Current Underpinnings; 2 Historical and Contemporary Obstacles to Combating Racism; 3 Why Legal Redress Has Been So Difficult; 4 Undoing Civil Rights: Two Steps Forward, One and a Half Steps Back; Part 2 Racism Hurts: Psychological and Emotional Costs; 5 The Harm of Encounters with Racial Discrimination; 6 Reconceptualizing Racism and Presenting a Theory of Race-Based Traumatic Stress; 7 Measuring Race-Based Traumatic Stress Injury as Legally Actionable Emotional Distress; Part 3 Where Do We Go from Here? A Model for Legal Redress; 8 Forensic Assessment of Race-Based Traumatic Stress; 9 A Legal Framework for Confronting Racism: Framework and Reforms for Law, Policy, Practice; 10 Applying the Framework: Confronting Racism and Advocating for Legal Reform; Part 4 Integrating Mental Health and the Law; 11 Mental Health Evaluations: Race-Related Mental Health Standards and Practices; 12 Integrating the Law and Mental Health: Collaborating to Confront Racism