Aquatic Biotechnologies

Joël Fleurence is a professor at the University of Nantes. His research activity focuses on aquatic biotechnologies and particularly on the valuation of algae. He has contributed to more than 100 international publications, three international patents and several books, including Microalgae and Algae in Agrobiology, published by ISTE Ltd and Wiley.

Preface vii

Introduction ix

Chapter 1 The Biological Characteristics of Organisms Involved in Blue Biotechnologies 1

1.1 Fish 1

1.1.1 Tilapia 1

1.1.2 Trout 3

1.1.3 Atlantic salmon 5

1.1.4 Carp 6

1.2 Algae 8

1.2.1 Microalgae 8

1.2.2 Macroalgae 10

1.3 Other aquatic plants 12

Chapter 2 Production Methods 13

2.1 Fish farming 13

2.1.1 Traditional fish farming 13

2.1.2 Fish farming with transgenic fish or the concept of theblue revolution 23

2.2 Algoculture 56

2.2.1 Traditional seaweed farming 56

2.2.2 Transgenic algae production 72

Chapter 3 Biotechnological Processing Methods 83

3.1 Enzymatic engineering (enzymatic hydrolysis) 83

3.1.1 Enzymatic engineering applied to fish matrices 83

3.1.2 Enzymatic engineering applied to algal matrices 94

3.2 Fermentation 117

3.2.1 Fermentation applied to fish matrices 117

3.2.2 Fermentation applied to algal matrices 124

Chapter 4 Products and Markets 133

4.1 Some examples of marketed and traditional products 133

4.2 Main markets 140

Chapter 5 Regulations 147

5.1 Transgenic products 147

5.2 Other products 149

Conclusion 161

References 163

Index 173