Endosymbiotic Organelle Acquisition

Steven Schwartzbach, Department of Biological Sciences Life Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA

Part I:  Identification of Endosymbionts and Organelle Genome Reduction .- 1) Endosymbiotic Theory for the  Origin of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria(possible preface) .- 2) Phylogenetic Identification of the Ancestral Mitochondria .- 3) Phylogenetic Origin of simple and complex plastids.- 4) Experimental evidence for organelle to nuclear gene transfer .- 5) Bleaching Euglena; experimental evidence for chloroplast genome loss .- Part II:  Host Cell Mechanisms for Protein Localization and Transport across Membranes .- 6) ER Translocation; the Start of the Exocytic Pathway .- 7) Protein Import into Vacuoles .- 8) The ERAD System: Retrotranslocation of Proteins from the ER to the Cytoplasm .- 9) Phagocytosis; Entry of Free living prokaryotes and Eukaryotes into Food Vacuoles .- 10) Insertion of the Bacterial Respiratory Complex in the Bacterial Membrane   .- 11) Insertion of Light Harvesting Complex into the Cyanobacterial Membrane .- Part III:  Endosymbiont Derived Organelles  .- 12) Protein Import into Mitochondria; Soluble and Integral Membrane Proteins .- 13) Mitosomes and Hydrogenosomes: Protein Import into Mitochondria-related organelles Lacking a Genome .- 14) Import of Soluble and Envelope Proteins into Simple Chloroplast .- 15) Protein Import into Thylakoids; Adapting the Prokaryotic System  .- 16) Protein Import into Complex Plastids with Three Envelope Membranes;  The Plastid as an Endomembrane Compartment .- 17) Protein Import into Complex Plastids with Four Envelope Membranes; A Plastid within the ER and adaptation of the ERAD System .- 18) Protein import into complex plastids of  cryptomonads and chlorarachniophytes; complex plastids where the remnant of the endosymbiont nucleus is located between the outer two and inner two plastid membranes  .- 19) Protein Import into Apicoplasts; A Reduced Genome Plastid in the Malarial Parasite.