Science and Engineering of Polyphenols

Chandrabhan Verma, PhD, is a researcher at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He has researched and published extensively on the synthesis and design of environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors.

List of Contributors xix

Preface xxix

Editor Biography xxxi

Part I Overview of Polyphenols 1

1 Fundamentals of Polyphenols: Nomenclature, Classification and Properties 3
Sidra Subhan, Muhammad Zeeshan, Atta Ur. Rahman, and Muhmmad Yaseen

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 A Short History of Polyphenols 5

1.3 Fundamental of Polyphenols 7

1.4 Nomenclature of Polyphenols 7

1.5 Classification of Polyphenols 8

1.6 Extraction Methods of Polyphenols 10

1.7 Solubility of Polyphenols 18

1.8 Flavor and Color of Polyphenols 22

1.9 Health-Promoting Properties of Polyphenols 24

1.10 Skin Benefits of Polyphenols 30

1.11 Conclusions 30

References 31

2 Chemistry of Polyphenols: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure (Electronic and Molecular) and Reactivity 37
Omar Dagdag, Rajesh Haldhar, and Hansang Kim

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 Synthesis and Characterization 38

2.3 Polyphenolics Without Intervening Atoms 39

2.4 Polyphenols with Intervening Carbon Atoms 40

2.5 Polyphenols with Intervening Heteroatoms 41

2.6 Characterization 46

2.7 Chemical Structure and Reactivity 48

2.8 Conclusion 51

References 51

3 Plant-Derived Polyphenols: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization 54
Humira Assad, Alok Kumar, and Ashish Kumar

3.1 Introduction 54

3.2 Extraction of Polyphenols 58

3.3 Purification of Polyphenols 66

3.4 Characterization of Polyphenols 67

3.5 Conclusion and Outlook 70

List of Abbreviations 71

References 72

4 Fermentation and Degradation of Polyphenols 77
Chandan K. Mandal, Palraj Kasinathan, Srikanta Sahu, Akshima, Mansi Yadav, Garima Sachdeva, Sanju Sharma, Manoj K. Banjare, and Kamalakanta Behera

4.1 Introduction 77

4.2 Plant-Based Fermented Food Products with Lactic Acid Bacteria 78

4.3 Microbial Fermentation of Food Macronutrients 80

4.4 Metabolism of Food Phenolics by Lactic Acid Bacteria 81

4.5 Polyphenols Differentially Modulate Bacterial Growth 83

4.6 Functional Food Products Based on Polyphenolic fermentation by Probiotics 84

4.7 Fermentation of Whole Grain Foods 85

4.8 Degradation of Polyphenol 88

4.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 93

Acknowledgments 94

List of Abbreviations 94

References 94

Part II Industrial Applications of Polyphenols 105

5 Polyphenols for Wastewater and Industrial Influents’ Treatment 107
Muhammad Salman, Muhammad U. Farooq, Atta Ur. Rahman, and Muhammad Yaseen

5.1 Introduction 107

5.2 History of Natural Polyphenols 109

5.3 Types of Natural Polyphenols 109

5.4 Polyphenols in Wastewater Remediation 111

5.5 Structural and Functional Features of Polyphenols 113

5.6 Overview of Polyphenol-Based Materials 116

5.7 Applications of Natural Polyphenol-Based Material in Water Remediation 120

5.8 Conclusions, Challenges, and Prospects 125

References 126

6 Polyphenols for Anticorrosion Application 134
Shveta Sharma, Richika Ganjoo, and Ashish Kumar

6.1 Introduction 134

6.2 Anticorrosive Properties of Polyphenols: Literature Survey 138

6.3 Conclusion 151

References 152

7 Polyphenols for Dyes Application 157
Abhinay Thakur and Ashish Kumar

7.1 Introduction 157

7.2 Natural Dyes and the Need for Sustainable Alternatives 161

7.3 Chemical Structure of Polyphenols and their Dyeing Properties 168

7.4 Extraction Methods for Polyphenols from Plant Sources 175

7.5 Dyeing Mechanisms of Polyphenols 183

7.6 Applications of Polyphenols as Natural Dyes 187

7.7 Challenges and Future Prospects 195

7.8 Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Perspectives 200

References 202

8 Polyphenols for Packaging Application 211
Gianluca Viscusi and Giuliana Gorrasi

8.1 Introduction 211

8.2 Active Packaging: Coating and Thin Films 212

8.3 Phenolic Compounds 212

8.4 Classifications and Applications of Polyphenolic Compounds 215

8.5 Action Mechanism 236

8.6 Limits and Future Predictions 237

8.7 Conclusions 238

References 238

9 Polyphenols for Textile-Based Application 253
Mohd Yusuf, Vikrant Jayant, and Wasim Khan

9.1 Introduction 253

9.2 Polyphenols in Textile-Based Applications 257

9.3 Specific Functional Finishing Using Polyphenols 264

9.4 Future Outlook 268

9.5 Conclusion 269

Acknowledgement 269

References 269

10 Polyphenols for Sensing/Biosensing Application 275
Elia Grueso and Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez

10.1 Introduction 275

10.2 Electrochemical Biosensors of Phenolic Compounds Based on Polyphenol Oxidases 278

10.3 Polyphenols for Metal Ions Sensing Applications 290

10.4 Polyphenols and Human Health 294

10.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 298

References 299

11 Polyphenol-based Hydrogels and Nanocomplexes: Fundamental, Properties, and Industrial Applications 315
Salima El Yakhlifi and Vincent Ball

11.1 Introduction 315

11.2 Polyphenols Grafted on Molecules Able to Undergo Gelation 316

11.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 326

References 327

12 Polyphenol-based Materials as Sensors: Recent Trends in Chemo- and Bio-sensing 330
Jing Wei, Youyou Feng, and Gen Wang

12.1 Introduction 330

12.2 Polyphenol 331

12.3 Polyphenol-based Nanomaterials and Their Derivatives 334

12.4 Sensing Applications 339

12.5 Summary and Outlook 352

Acknowledgments 352

References 353

Part III Polyphenols for Life Science Applications 359

13 Polyphenols in Control of COVID-19 361
Elyor Berdimurodov, Khasan Berdimuradov, Ashish Kumar, Omar Dagdag, Mohamed Rbaa, and Bhawana Jain

13.1 Introduction 361

13.2 Antiviral Properties of Polyphenols 366

13.3 Polyphenols Active Against COVID- 19 369

13.4 Potential Applications of Polyphenols in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment 372

13.5 Clinical Trials and Research on Polyphenols and COVID- 19 378

13.6 Safety and Limitations of Polyphenols in COVID-19 Management 379

13.7 Conclusion 381

References 381

14 Polyphenols for Dietary Polyphenols Application 385
Elyor Berdimurodov, Khasan Berdimuradov, Ilyos Eliboev, Azimjon Choriev, Anvar Khamidov, Mukhriddin Yusufov, and Chinmurot Yodgorov

14.1 Introduction 385

14.2 Main Part 387

14.3 Conclusion and Outlook 397

References 397

15 Polyphenols for Health Management and Disease Control Applications 402
Shveta Sharma, Manu Sharma, Richika Ganjoo, and Ashish Kumar

15.1 Introduction 402

15.2 Health Benefits of Polyphenols 403

15.3 Conclusion and Future Outlook 412

References 412

16 Polyphenols as Antimicrobial (Disinfectant and Pest control) Applications 416
Vrinda, Garima Narang, Garima Pandey, Prashant Singh, and Kamlesh Kumari

16.1 Introduction 416

16.2 Pest Management 417

16.3 Disinfectants 424

16.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook 429

References 431

17 Polyphenols for Antioxidant Application: Biochemistry of Polyphenols 436
Akbar Esmaeili 43

17.1 Introduction 436

17.2 Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols 442

17.3 Influence of Polyphenols on Antibacterial Biofilm 443

17.4 Significance of Polyphenols 445

17.5 Biochemistry of Polyphenols 446

17.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 448

References 448

18 Phenolic Compounds from Marine Organisms and Their Biofunctional Properties 452
Jayasri Ravichandran, Liya Babu, Kirubakaran Baskaran Jayalakshmi, Mangaiyarkarasi Manivel, Kamini Numbi Ramudu, Ganesan Ponesakki, and Nimish Mol Stephen

18.1 Introduction 452

18.2 Classification of Marine Phenols 453

18.3 Sources 459

18.4 Influence of Environmental Factors on PCs 465

18.5 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications 466

18.6 Conclusion 472

Acknowledgement 472

Conflict of Interest 472

References 472

19 Polyphenols of Triberry in Dietary Supplements and Health Care 479
Palmiro Poltronieri, Sekar Sasikala, and Srinivasan Narasimhan

19.1 Introduction 479

19.2 Types of Polyphenols Found in Berries 481

19.3 Potential Health Benefits of Polyphenols from Berries 482

19.4 Conclusion 485

References 485

20 Dietary Polyphenols: Recent Trends in Its Biological Significance 489
P. Indra Arulselvi, K.R. Kavya, and M. Kesavapriya

20.1 Introduction 489

20.2 Biological Activities of Dietary Polyphenols 492

20.3 Recent Trends in Polyphenol Research 497

20.4 Conclusion and Outlook 501

References 502

21 Polyphenols for Pharmaceutical (Diagnosis, Therapies, and Prevention of Diseases) Applications 508
Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Sanaz Sajedi-Amin, Abolghasem Jouyban, and Elaheh Rahimpour

21.1 Introduction 508

21.2 Classification of Polyphenols 508

21.3 Polyphenols Applications as Potential Pharmaceutical Agents 511

21.4 Conclusion and Future Trends 524

Abbreviations 525

References 526

22 Food Additive Applications of Polyphenols 531
Richika Ganjoo, Shveta Sharma, Humira Assad, Praveen Kumar Sharma, and Ashish Kumar

21.1 Introduction 531

21.2 Polyphenols as Flavoring Agents 532

21.3 Polyphenols in Enzyme Preparations 535

21.4 Polyphenols in Preservation and Coloring 536

21.5 Polyphenols in Preservation of Meat and Aquatic Items 541

21.6 Conclusion 543

References 544

23 Biological Significance of Polyphenols as Functional Molecules in Biomaterial Preparations 548
Kalaiselvi Vinayagamurthy, Deena Praveena Kumar, Karthika Yalavarthi, Kamini Numbi Ramudu, Jayasri Ravichandran, Nimish Mol Stephen, and Ganesan Ponesakki

23.1 Introduction 548

23.2 Functional Properties of Polyphenols for Biomaterial Engineering 549

23.3 Polyphenols in Biomaterial Engineering 550

23.4 The Biological Significance of Polyphenols as Biomaterials 551

23.5 Marine Polyphenol-Based Biomaterials 569

23.6 Conclusion 571

Acknowledgments 572

Conflict of Interest 572

References 572

Index 585