Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology (eBook)

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS; NOMENCLATURE; 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW; 1.1: The Biological Importance of DNA; 1.2: The Origins of Nucleic Acids Research; 1.3: Early Structural Studies on Nucleic Acids; 1.4: The Discovery of the Structure of DNA; 1.5: The Advent of Molecular Biology; 1.6: The Partnership of Chemistry and Biology; 1.7: Frontiers in Nucleic Acids Research; 2: DNA AND RNA STRUCTURE; 2.1: Structures of Components; 2.2: Standard DNA Structures; 2.3: Real DNA Structures; 2.4: Structures of RNA Species; 2.5: Dynamics of Nucleic Acid Structures; 2.6: Higher-order DNA Structures; 3: NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES; 3.1: Chemical Synthesis of Nucleosides; 3.2: Chemistry of Esters and Anhydrides of Phosphorus Oxyacids; 3.3: Nucleoside Esters of Polyphosphates; 3.4: Biosynthesis of Nucleotides; 3.5: Catabolism of Nucleotides; 3.6: Polymerisation of Nucleotides; 3.7: Therapeutic Applications of Nucleoside Analogues; 4: SYNTHESIS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; 4.1: Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; 4.2: Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides; 4.3: Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides; 4.4: Synthesis of Modified Oligonucleotides; 5: NUCLEIC ACIDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY; 5.1: DNA Sequence Determination; 5.2: Gene Cloning; 5.3: Enzymes Useful in Gene Manipulation; 5.4: Gene Synthesis; 5.5: The Detection of Nucleic Acids Sequences by Hybridization; 5.6: Gene Mutagenesis; 5.7: Oligonucleotides as Reagents and Therapeutics; 5.8: Footprinting; 6: GENES AND GENOMES; 6.1: Gene Structure; 6.2: Gene Families; 6.3: Intergenic DNA; 6.4: Chromosomes; 6.5: DNA Sequence and Bioinformatics; 6.6: Copying DNA; 6.7: DNA Mutation and Genome Repair; 6.8: DNA Recombination; 7: RNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION; 7.1: Overview of RNA Structural Motifs; 7.2: RNA Processing and Modification; 7.3: RNAs in the Protein Factory: Translation; 7.4: RNAs Involved in Export and Transport; 7.5: RNAs and Epigenetic Phenomena; 7.6: RNA Structure and Function in Viral Systems; 8: COVALENT INTERACTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS WITH SMALL MOLECULES AND THEIR REPAIR; 8.1: Hydrolysis of Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids;8.2: Reduction of Nucleosides; 8.3: Oxidation of Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids; 8.4: Reactions with Nucleophiles; 8.5: Reactions with Electrophiles; 8.6: Reactions with Metabolically Activated Carcinogens; 8.7: Reactions with Anti-cancer Drugs; 8.8: Photochemical Modification of Nucleic Acids; 8.9: Effects of Ionising Radiation on Nucleic Acids; 8.10: Biological Consequences of DNA Alkylation; 8.11: DNA Repair; 9: REVERSIBLE SMALL MOLECULE-NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTIONS; 9.1: Introduction; 9.2: Binding Modes and Sites of Interaction; 9.3: Counter-ion Condensation and Polyelectrolyte Theory; 9.4: Non-specific Outside-edge Interactions; 9.5: Hydration Effects and Water-DNA Interactions; 9.6: DNA Intercalation; 9.7: Interactions in the Minor Groove; 9.8: Intercalation versus Minor Groove Binding; 9.9: Co-operativity in Ligand-DNA Interactions; 9.10: Small Molecule Interactions with Higher-order DNA; 10: PROTEIN-NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTIONS; 10.1: Structural Features of DNA Important in Protein Recognition; 10.2: The Physical Chemistry of Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions; 10.3: Representative DNA Recognition Motifs; 10.4: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions; 10.5: The Specificity of DNA Enzymes; 10.6: DNA Packaging; 10.7: Polymerases; 10.8: Machines that Manipulate Duplex DNA; 10.9: RNA-Protein Interactions and RNA-mediated Assemblies; 11: PHYSICAL AND STRUCTURAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO NUCLEIC ACIDS; 11.1: Spectroscopic Techniques; 11.2: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; 11.3: X-ray Crystallography; 11.4: Hydrodynamic and Separation Methods; 11.5: Microscopy; 11.6: Mass Spectrometry; 11.7: Molecular Modelling and Dynamics