Knowledge-Driven Developments in the Bioeconomy (eBook)

The agricultural economist Prof. Dr. Stephan Dabbert studied agriculture an Chistian-Albrecht University in Kiel, followed by a Master of Science degree in agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Hohenheim (Germany) in 1990, as well as his professorship in the area of agricultural business management. He led the Institute for Social Economy from 1992 until 1994 at the Centre for Agrarian Landscape and Land Use Research in Muencheberg. He has held the chair and leadership of the Department of Production Theory and Resource Economics in Hohenheim since 1994. From 2002 to 2006 he was Dean of the amalgamated Faculty of Agricultural Science in Hohenheim. He was elected President in 2012. Prof. Dr. Iris Lewandowski has held the chair and professorship in “Biobased Products and Energy Crops” at the Institute of Crop Science of the University of Hohenheim since 2010. She graduated in Agricultural Science with specialization in Crop Science from the University of Hohenheim. Professor Lewandowski also holds a doctoral and postdoctoral degree in Crop Science. To date, her dedication to sustainable agricultural biomass production has brought her to the universities of Hohenheim and Utrecht (Netherlands). From 2006-2010 she led a research teach at Shell Global Solutions, exploring the practical contribution of research to sustainable bioenergy production. In addition, since 2015 professor Lewandowski has been Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Hohenheim. Prof. Dr. Andreas Pyka has been professor of Innovation Economics at the Economics Institute of the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany since 2009. He has an academic background in economics and business administration at the University of Augsburg, Germany, where he completed his PhD on informal networks, absorptive capacities and collective innovation in 1999. His Post Doc period Andreas Pyka spent as a researcher at the INRA Institute in Grenoble, France. After his return to Augsburg, where he was habilitated in 2004 he was doing research and teaching at the Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna and the Technical University Delft, the Netherlands. His first tenured professorship for economic theory he got in 2006 at the University of Bremen, Germany. Professor Pyka has also been the Vice President for International Affairs of the University of Hohenheim since 2011. Prof. Dr. Jochen Weiss has been Department head of the Food Physics and Meat Sciences Department at the University of Hohenheim since 2008. After graduating in chemical engineering from the University of Karlsruhe (today known as Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT), he focused on food science during his PhD studies in Massachusetts where he also received his first position as a professor for “food biophysics and nanotechnology”. He was granted with the Journal of Food Science Highest Cited Paper Award. Prof. Weiss has also been the Vice President for Research at the University of Hohenheim since 2011. 

Editorial 6
Contents 12
Part I Bioeconomy Systems: Theoretical Underpinnings 14
Transformation of Economic Systems: The Bio-Economy Case 15
1 Introduction 15
2 Limits to Growth 17
3 Innovation Systems and Knowledge 19
4 Innovation in Knowledge-Based Societies 21
5 The Economics of Change 22
6 Conclusions 25
References 26
Structural Change, Knowledge and the Bioeconomy 29
1 Introduction 29
2 The Bioeconomy 30
2.1 Science, Technology and the Bioeconomy 34
3 Economic Development and Structural Change 37
4 Conclusions 42
References 42
Some Thoughts About the Bio-economy as Intelligently Navigated Complex Adaptive Systems 45
1 Introduction 45
2 Methodological Approach 48
3 Discussion About INCAS as a Conceptual Proposition Integrating Viable Planet Models, a Complex Adaptive Systems Approach and a Pragmatic Innovation Agenda 50
3.1 Descriptive Landscape Model and an Observatory for a Viable Planet and Local Systems 50
3.2 Complex System Approach for the Bio-economy 51
3.3 Complex System Approach for Transformation of Bio-matter 54
3.4 Innovation Agenda 56
4 Conclusions 58
5 Future Perspectives 61
References 62
Part II Framing the Bioeconomy: Regionaland National Approaches 66
Varieties of Knowledge-Based Bioeconomies 67
1 Introduction 67
2 Theoretical Background 68
3 Analytical Approach 70
3.1 Indicators 70
3.2 Methodology 72
3.3 Interpretation 73
4 Results 74
4.1 Environmental and Resource Productivity 76
4.2 Knowledge Base 79
4.3 Policy and Bioeconomic Opportunities 80
4.4 Natural Asset Base 82
4.5 Environmental Quality of Life 83
4.6 Socio-Economic Context 83
4.7 Implications of the Analyses 83
5 Conclusions and Outlook 85
Annex 87
Annex 1 87
Annex 2 90
References 91
International Bioeconomy Innovations in Central America 93
1 Introduction 93
2 Bioeconomy in Central America 97
3 Research in Central America 99
4 Innovations in Central America 101
5 Two Examples: Pineapple and Jicaro (Crescentia cujete) 102
6 Conclusions 105
References 105
Innovation Under the Bioeconomy Context in Brazil 107
1 Introduction 107
2 Biofuels in Brazil 116
3 Biobased Materials in Brazil 117
3.1 Natural Fibers Industrial Applications 117
3.2 Biopolymers 118
4 Bioenergy and Biofuels 119
4.1 Biofuels 121
4.2 Bio-oil 122
5 Biochar 123
6 Biobased Materials: Nanocellulose 123
6.1 Biomaterials 124
7 Conclusions and Recommendations 125
References 125
Tasmania's Bioeconomy: Employing the Seven Capitals to SustainInnovative and Entrepreneurial Agrifood Value Chains 127
1 Introduction 128
2 Wheels Within Wheels: Tasmania's Bioeconomy Within an Australian Context 129
3 Geography, Climate and Soils 131
4 Some Historical Context 133
5 Tasmania's Awakening: Opportunities and Challenges 135
6 Adding Water Is Not Enough 136
7 Systems Within Systems: Integrating Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship 138
8 Solutions to Complex Problems: Innovation Platforms and a Theory of Change 141
9 Conclusions 145
References 146
Agricultural Biomass Utilisation as a Key Driver for Malaysian Bioeconomy 150
1 Introduction 151
2 Bioeconomy Research Scenarios in Malaysia 155
2.1 Energy and Environmental Related Research 155
2.2 Food and Food Related Ingredients 157
2.2.1 Rubber Industries 157
2.2.2 Banana 158
2.2.3 Palm Oil Industries 159
3 Biomass Related Researches in School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 161
4 Issue of Biomass Supply Chain in Malaysia 165
5 Conclusion 165
References 166
University-Industry Relationships in the Bioeconomy Innovation System of Denmark 169
1 Introduction 169
2 Strategic Focus on Research Collaborations 170
3 Global Challenges in Relation to Danish Innovation 171
4 Reduction of Waste 173
5 Trends in Food Demands 174
6 Biofractionation for Food and Feed Ingredients 175
7 Holistic Approach to Biofractionation 176
8 Need for Extended Collaboration 177
9 Collaborations Between Academia and Private Enterprises 178
10 Critical Success Factors for New Product Development 179
11 Final Remarks 181
References 181
Part III Resources of the Bioeconomy: SustainableBiomass Supply 184
Increasing Biomass Production to Sustain the Bioeconomy 185
1 Biomass Resources 185
2 What Is Sustainable Biomass Supply? 186
3 How Can Biomass Production and Supply be Increased Sustainably? 190
3.1 Sustainable Agricultural Intensification 191
3.1.1 Breeding 192
3.1.2 More Efficient Cropping and Farming Systems 193
3.1.3 Improved and Novel Land-Use Systems 196
3.1.4 Empowerment of Farmers 197
3.2 Use of Fallow and Marginal Land 198
3.3 Reducing Losses and Improving Biomass Use Efficiency 199
3.3.1 Harvest, Pre-treatment, Storage and Transportation 199
3.3.2 Biomass Conversion 200
3.3.3 Optimizing Biomass Use and Allocation 201
4 Conclusions 202
References 203
Importance of Sugarcane in Brazilian and World Bioeconomy 210
1 Introduction 211
2 Planted Area and Production of Sugarcane 212
2.1 Brazilian Planted Area and Production 212
2.2 World Planted Area and Production 212
3 Technological Evolution in Cultivation and Productivity 216
4 Employment in Sugarcane Production System 218
5 Strategies to Increase Productivity and Sustainability 218
6 Green Energy from Sugarcane 219
7 Byproducts of the Sugar and Ethanol Manufacturing Process 220
8 Animal Feed 220
References 221
Economic Evaluation of Short Rotation Eucalyptus Plantation Harvesting System: A Case Study 223
1 Introduction 224
2 Material and Methods 229
3 Results and Discussion 232
4 Conclusion 234
References 234
Technology and Sustainability of Crop Fibre Uses in Bioproducts in Ontario, Canada: Corn Stalk and Cob Fibre Performance in Polypropylene Composites 237
1 Introduction 237
2 Sustainability of Biomass Production from Field Crops in Ontario 238
2.1 Crop Residues 239
2.2 Dedicated Biomass Crops 241
3 Case Study of Corn Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene as a Model Material for Bio-filled Thermoplastic Composite Manufacturing 243
3.1 Stage I: Production of Corn Stalk and Cob Fibres PP Composites 244
3.1.1 Materials and Experimental Design for Corn Fibre-based Composite Tests 244
3.1.2 Effects of the Genotype and Growth Environments on the Chemical Composition of the Corn Fibres 245
3.1.3 Characteristics of Corn Fibre PP Composites 247
3.1.4 Relationships Among Corn Fibre Chemical Compositions and Composite Mechanical Properties 247
3.2 Stage II: Scale-Up Tests with Corn Stalk Fibre PP Composites 252
4 Genome Locations Related to Corn Fibre Properties 253
5 Conclusion 257
References 258
Related Web Resources 259
Part IV Bioeconomy Applications: Optimizing Processesand Management of the Bioeconomy 260
Strategic Supply Chain Planning in Biomass-Based Industries: A Literature Review of Quantitative Models 261
1 Introduction 261
2 Biomass-Based Supply Chains 263
2.1 Utilization Pathways of Bioeconomy 263
2.1.1 Fuel 264
2.1.2 Fibre 265
2.1.3 Food Production 266
2.1.4 Flowers and Fun 266
2.1.5 Example: Municipal Biowaste as Starting Material 266
2.2 Supply Chains 267
2.2.1 Supply Chain Planning 268
2.2.2 Differences Between Supply Chains and Utilization Pathways 269
2.2.3 Similarities 270
3 Literature Review 271
3.1 Fuel 273
3.1.1 Biofuel 273
3.1.2 Electricity and Heat 280
3.2 Fibre 283
4 Conclusions 284
5 Summary and Outlook 287
References 288
Structuring the Planning Tasks in Biomass-Based Supply Chains 294
1 Introduction 294
2 Fundamentals, Terms and Definitions 295
2.1 Biomass and Biofuels 295
2.2 Supply Chain Management 297
3 Characteristics of Biomass-Based Supply Chains 298
3.1 Challenges 298
3.2 Uncertainties 300
3.3 Supply Chain Structure 301
4 Planning Tasks in Biomass-Based Supply Chains 302
4.1 Stakeholders 302
4.2 Structure of the Planning Tasks 304
4.2.1 Harvesting/Collection 305
4.2.2 Pre-treatment 305
4.2.3 Energy Conversion 306
4.2.4 Distribution 306
4.2.5 Integrated Planning Tasks 307
5 Conclusion 307
References 308
The Use of Biomass for Energy Production and Organic Fertilizer for Mitigating Climate Change and Improving the Competitiveness of the Agricultural Enterprise: The Case of UPAP in Puriscal,Costa Rica 313
1 Introduction 314
2 Objective 314
3 Methods 315
4 Agribusiness Description and Main Activity 315
5 Proposal for Handling the Biomass 316
6 The Biodigester 318
7 The Vermicompost 320
8 Preliminary Results 321
8.1 The Economic Importance of Biogas and Vermicompost 321
8.2 Cost/Benefit Ratio 323
9 Conclusions and Recommendations 323
References 324
Interviews 324
Bioethanol as the Sole Solvent for Vegetable Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production 325
1 Introduction to the Biodiesel Production 326
2 Ethanol Oil Extraction and Products 328
3 Biodiesel Production from the Rich-in-Oil Miscella 331
4 Viability of the Biodiesel from Rich-in-Soybean Oil Miscella Productive Chain 334
5 Conclusions 338
References 338