The Evolved Athlete: A Guide for Elite Sport Enhancement (eBook)

This book is written by scientists, whose expertise collectively spans the fields of biomechanics, clinical surgery, current and former elite athleticism, engineering and naturopath doctoral work. Together, they aim to inspire and educate athletes on how to improve their sports performance using new technologies, cutting-edge biomechanics knowledge and ancient herbal medicines.

Preface 7
References 18
Acknowledgements 19
Disclaimer 21
Contents 22
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Voluntary Versus NMES Muscle Contractions and Their Effects on Muscle Fibers 28
1.2 NMES-Based Muscular Contractions and Kinetic Chains for Tennis Serve and Forehand 29
References 35
2 Mathematical Preliminaries 36
2.1 Biomechanical Action Principle and Variational Methods 36
2.2 Basic Elastic Continuum 40
2.3 Basic Dynamical Simulations 42
2.3.1 Basic Attractor Dynamics Simulation 42
2.3.2 Action Principle and Basic Variational Derivations 46
2.3.3 Basic Vector Calculus Implementation 52
2.3.4 Basic Elastic Continuum Implementation 54
References 56
3 Multi-physical Structure of Human Fascia: Harmony of Biomechanics and Neurodynamics 57
3.1 Introduction to Human Fascia 58
3.2 From Muscular Kinetic Chains to Myofascial Kinetic Continuum 59
3.3 Olympic Fascia Champion: Simone Biles, the Best Female Gymnast of the 21st Century 61
3.4 Multiphysical Microstretch Model for Myofascial Kinetic Continuum 62
3.4.1 Simplistic Viscoelastic Fascia Model 63
3.4.2 The Complete Microstretch Fascia Model 65
3.4.3 Microstretch Action and Galerkin Variational Method 71
3.4.4 Fascia Waves: From Linear Harmonics to Nonlinear Solitons 74
3.4.5 Fascia's Fuzz: A Soliton Model 76
3.4.6 Solitons in Neural-Like Fascia's Impulse Conduction 78
3.5 Appendix: From Cosserat Elasticity to Multiphysical Microstretch Continuum 79
3.5.1 Cosserat Micropolar Elasticity 79
3.5.2 Tensor Fields of the Microstretch Continuum 81
3.5.3 Microstretch Elasticity and Plasticity 83
3.5.4 Macroscopic and Micropolar Thermoelasticity 87
References 89
4 Biomechanics of Human Iliopsoas and Functionally Related Muscles 92
4.1 Introduction to Human Iliopsoas Muscle and its Spasm 92
4.2 Microstretch Elasticity of Human Iliopsoas and Functionally Related Muscles 95
4.2.1 Muscular Heat and Reaction-Diffusion Process 100
4.3 The Fastest Man on Earth is a Nine-Time Olympic Champion 102
4.4 Myofascioskeletal Action and Optimal Control of Human Motion 103
4.4.1 Myofascioskeletal Action Principle 104
4.4.2 Standard Form of Human Musculoskeletal Dynamics 106
4.4.3 Optimal Control of Human Motion 108
4.4.4 Two Dynamical Approaches to Biomechanical Optimal Control 109
4.5 Olympic Basketball Versus NBA Champions 110
4.5.1 Stephen Curry: The Best NBA Player of the Last Two Seasons 111
4.5.2 LeBron James, The Best NBA Player of the Last Decade 111
4.6 Neuromusculoskeletal Estimation for Human Sensorimotor Control 112
4.6.1 Gaussian Sensor Fusion 112
4.6.2 Basics of the Bayesian Formalism 113
4.6.3 Gauss-Bayesian Sensorimotor Control 114
4.7 Myofascial Fatigue Model 115
4.7.1 Static Muscular Fatigue Model 116
4.7.2 Single-Joint Dynamic Fatigue Model 116
4.7.3 Cyclic Push/Pull Fatigue Model 118
4.7.4 Eccentric Exercises Causing Fascial Fatigue and Pain 119
4.8 Biomechanics of Human Walking and Running 119
4.8.1 Dynamical Optimization of Human Gait 120
4.8.2 Basics of Human Gait Estimation 121
4.8.3 Myofascioskeletal Dynamics of Human Gait and Running 124
4.8.4 Walking at Steady Speeds on Force-Plates 126
4.8.5 Simulation Framework for Human Gait 129
4.8.6 Simulation of Human Running 130
4.9 Biomechanics of Some Other Sports 130
4.9.1 Biomechanics of Rowing 130
4.9.2 Biomechanics of High-Bar Gymnastics 132
4.9.3 Biomechanics of Pole Vault 133
4.9.4 Biomechanics of Soccer Kicks 136
4.10 NMES-Based Muscular Contractions and Their Kinetic Chains for Leg Flexors Muscles 145
References 146
5 Exercises, Nutrition and Mental Attitude 150
5.1 The Golden Water-Polo Boys from Rio 151
5.2 Exercises Athletes to Do Every Day to Enhance Sports Performance 152
5.2.1 Hanging from Pull-Up Bar Exercise 152
5.2.2 Hand and Head Stand Exercises 152
5.2.3 Hip Stretching Exercises 152
5.2.4 Hamstrings Stretching Exercises 157
5.2.5 All Extensors Strength Exercise 158
5.2.6 All Flexors Strength Exercise 159
5.3 Joint (Tendons/Ligaments) Strengthening and Rehabilitation NMES Treatments 160
5.4 Changing Sport: Threat or Benefit? 160
5.5 Superfoods for Preserving Fascia Health: Achieving Enhanced Athleticism ƒ 162
References 170
6 Lymphodynamics and Diamond Sports Matrix System 172
6.1 Human Lymphodynamics and Its Relation to Fascia 172
6.1.1 Micropolar Lymphodynamics Model and Lymphodynamics Technology 172
6.1.2 Lymphatic Navier--Stokes and Euler Equations 183
6.1.3 Lymphatic Action Principle 187
6.1.4 Symbolic Derivation of Lymphatic Flow Equations 188
6.1.5 Appendix: Newtonian and Other Viscous Fluids 189
6.2 Sports-Wave for Balanced Muscles 192
6.2.1 NMES-Based Muscular Contractions and Their Kinetic Chains 192
6.2.2 Kinetic Chains of a Human Leg 193
References 202
Index 204