Europe’s Energy Transition

Dr. Manuel Welsch’s work on this book is based on his previous role as Deputy Director at the Division for Energy Systems Analysis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. He is currently employed as energy planner and economist at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Manuel has over 15 years of experience working in the energy sector, comprising engineering offices, research institutes, United Nations organizations, and the European Commission.

Section I: Introduction1. Europe’s Energy Transition2. Insights for Policy Making - About this Book3. INSIGHT_E - A Think Tank Informing the European Commission

Section II: Europe’s Energy Policy Landscape4. Introduction: Europe as a Consuming Region5. The European Union on the Global Scene - A Snapshot6. European Energy Policy Objectives7. A Market-Based European Energy Policy8. Conclusions

Section III: Energy Supply: A Changing Environment9. Introduction10. Decarbonizing the EU Energy System11. Gas Security of Supply in the European Union12. Biofuels for Aviation: Policy Goals and Costs13. Conclusions and Outlook

Section IV: Impact of Renewable Energies on Market Operation and Design14. Introduction15. Curtailment: An Option for Cost-Efficient Integration of Variable Renewable Generation?16. Impact on Electricity Markets: Merit Order Effect of Renewable Energies17. Market Design Options for Promoting Low-Carbon Technologies18. Case Study: Design Options for the German Electricity Market19. Conclusions and Outlook

Section V: Reliable and Flexible Energy Systems20. Introduction21. Need for Flexibility and Potential Solutions22. Storage Solutions and Their Value23. The Role of Fuel Cells and Hydrogen in Stationary Applications24. Need for Reliability and Measuring Its Cost25. Conclusions

Section VI: Society and Consumer Demands26. Introduction27. Self-Consumption of Electricity from Renewable Sources28. DC Power Production and Consumption in Households29. District Heating in Europe: Opportunities for Energy Savings, Business, and Jobs30. Energy Poverty Across the EU: Analysis of Policies and Measures31. ConclusionsSociety and Consumer Demands—Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms

Section VII: Europe’s Energy Transition: Challenges and Insights for Policy Making32. Introduction33. Key Challenges Ahead34. Developing the Policy Package35. Research Priorities