Green Shipping Management (eBook)

The authors are members of the Shipping Research Centre (SRC) of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The SRC has a critical mass of active researchers with diverse and profound expertise in shipping and logistics management. SRC members have secured a number of consultancy projects and research grants. They have published widely in scholarly and professional journals to share their cutting-edge research findings.

Contents 6
Part I Green Shipping Practices 10
1 Introduction to Green Shipping Practices 11
1.1 Green Shipping 11
1.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions: China 13
1.3 Theoretical Perspective 14
1.4 Industry Practice 17
1.5 Key Players 18
1.5.1 Transport Operators 19
1.5.2 Primary Customers 20
1.5.3 Transport Facilitators 20
1.6 Importance of GSPs 21
References 22
2 Adoption of Green Shipping Practices 24
2.1 Sustainable Shipping Initiatives 24
2.2 Sustainable Economy 26
2.3 GSPs as a Means of Comparative Advantage 27
2.4 Basis of GSP Adoption 29
2.4.1 Stakeholder Theory 29
2.4.2 Institutional Theory 29
2.5 Drivers for Adopting GSPs 30
2.5.1 Regulatory Requirements 30
2.5.2 Norms on Environmental Protection 31
2.5.3 Customer Demand 32
2.5.4 Productivity Gains 33
References 35
3 Measures for Evaluating Green Shipping Practices 37
3.1 Defining GSPs 37
3.2 Conceptualization of GSPs 39
3.3 Maersk 41
3.3.1 Company Policies and Procedures 42
3.3.2 Shipping Documentation 43
3.3.3 Shipping Equipment 43
3.3.4 Shipper Cooperation 43
3.3.5 Shipping Materials 44
3.3.6 Shipping Design and Compliance 44
3.4 Measurement Scales 44
3.5 Insights from the Measurement Scales 45
Appendix 3.1 47
References 48
Part II Green Shipping Networks 49
4 Green Management Practices 50
4.1 Fundamentals of Green Management Practices 50
4.2 Review of Literature on Green Management Practices 52
4.2.1 Cooperation with Supply Chain Partners 53
4.2.2 Environmentally Friendly Operations 54
4.2.3 Internal Management Support 54
4.3 Adoption of Green Management Practices 55
4.3.1 Adoption of Supply Chain Partners 56
4.3.2 Adoption of Environmentally Friendly Operations 57
4.3.3 Adoption of Internal Management Support 59
4.4 Green Management Practices and Firm Performance 60
4.5 Implications of Adopting Green Management Practices 60
Appendix 4.1: Case Study as a Study Method 61
References 62
5 Development of a Green Shipping Network 65
5.1 Operating Environment of Container Shipping 65
5.1.1 Containerization 65
5.1.2 Concentration 66
5.1.3 Collaboration 66
5.1.4 Competition 67
5.2 Port Evolution and Environmental Operations 67
5.3 Benefit Transfer Approach 69
5.4 Equivalent Container Distance 71
5.5 Formulation of a Green Shipping Network 72
5.6 Operations of a Green Shipping Network 73
5.6.1 Advantages of Developing Green Shipping Networks 73
5.6.2 Green Shipping Networks and Regional Competitiveness 75
Appendix 5.1: 4S Framework 76
Appendix 5.2: Formulas to Determine Voyage Distance 77
Appendix 5.3: Voyage Distance (in Equivalent Container Distance) 78
References 79
6 Evaluation of Green Shipping Networks 81
6.1 Development of Green Shipping Networks 81
6.1.1 Benefits of Green Shipping Networks 81
6.1.2 Importance of Green Shipping Networks 82
6.1.3 Establishment of Green Shipping Networks 83
6.2 Concept of Network 84
6.2.1 Spatial and Corporate Networks 84
6.2.2 Liner Shipping Networks 85
6.3 Green Management Practices and Green Shipping Networks 88
6.3.1 Cooperation with Partners (CP) 88
6.3.2 Green Operations (GOs) 89
6.3.3 Management Support (MS) 89
6.4 Green Shipping Networks and Firm Performance 90
References 92
Part III Greening and Firm Performance 95
7 Shipping Operations and Green Capability 96
7.1 Shipping Operations 96
7.2 Fleet Mix and Firm Performance 97
7.3 Firm Growth and Firm Performance 99
7.4 Shipping Capacity and Firm Performance 102
7.5 Green Capability 106
7.5.1 Elements of Green Capability 106
7.5.2 Green Shipping Routines 107
References 109
8 Relativity Between Greening and Performance 111
8.1 Green Operations 111
8.2 Model Development 112
8.2.1 Conceptual Background 112
8.2.2 Green Shipping Routines and Firm Performance 113
8.2.3 Environmental Performance and Financial Performance 114
8.3 Greening and Performance Relativity 115
8.3.1 Components of Greening and Performance Relativity 115
8.3.2 Greening and Performance Relativity Score 115
8.4 Case Study: Relativity Between Greening and Performance in Hong Kong 116
8.4.1 Data Source and Analysis 116
8.4.2 Results 117
8.4.3 Financial and Environmental Performances 118
Appendix 8.1: Items to Measure Greening Capability 120
References 121
9 Greening Propensity 122
9.1 Logistics Service Providers 122
9.2 Natural-Resource-Based View 124
9.3 Service Bundling 125
9.3.1 Bundling Logistics Activities 125
9.3.2 Dynamic Bundling Logistics Activities 127
9.4 Outputs and Inputs of Greening Capability 129
9.4.1 Outputs of Greening Capability 129
9.4.2 Inputs of Greening Capability 130
Appendix 9.1: Rotated Factor Matrix 132
Appendix 9.2: Inputs and Outputs of Greening Capability 133
References 134