Detection and Typing Strategies for Pathogenic Escherichia coli (eBook)

Contents 5
Chapter-1 7
Introduction to Pathogenic Escherichia coli 7
1.1 Pathotypes of E. coli Causing Diarrheal Diseases 7
1.2 E. coli 10
1.3 Pathogenic Types of E. coli 10
1.4 Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 14
1.4.1 Virulence Determinants of Shiga-Toxin Producing E. coli 15
1.4.2 Shiga-Toxin Producing E. coli-Mediated Disease 19
1.4.3 Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli 20
1.4.4 Ecology of Shiga-Toxin Producing E. coli 20
1.4.5 Transmission of Shiga-Toxin Producing E. coli 21
1.4.6 Shiga-Toxin Producing E. coli Occurrence in Foods 25
1.5 Enterotoxigenic E. coli 29
1.6 Enteropathogenic E. coli 30
1.7 Enteroinvasive E. coli 32
1.8 Enteroaggregative and Diffusely Adherent E. coli 32
References 34
Chapter-2 45
Isolation and Detection of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Foods 45
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 General Method of Isolation for E. coli 46
2.3 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli 47
2.3.1 Culture and Isolation of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli 47
2.3.2 Molecular Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli 52
2.4 Enumeration of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli 56
2.5 Immunological Detection Methods for Pathogenic E. coli 56
2.6 Cell Culture Assays Used for Pathogenic E. coli 60
2.6.1 Cell Cytotoxicity Assay for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli 60
2.6.2 Cell Adherence Assays 60
2.7 Enteroinvasive E. coli 61
2.8 Enterotoxigenic E. coli 62
2.9 Enteropathogenic E. coli 63
2.10 Enteroaggregative E. coli and Diffusely Adherent E. coli 64
References 65
Chapter-3 72
Typing and Subtyping Methods for Pathogenic Escherichia coli 72
3.1 Introduction 72
3.2 Biochemical Profiling 76
3.3 Serotyping 76
3.4 Phage Typing 77
3.5 Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis 78
3.6 Multilocus Sequence Typing 79
3.7 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis 81
3.8 Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis 84
3.9 Repetitive Element Palindromic Polymerase Chain Reaction 87
3.10 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 88
3.11 Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Bacteriophage Insertion Sites 90
3.12 Lineage Specific Polymorphism Analysis 91
3.13 Whole Genome Sequencing 94
References 95
Chapter-4 105
Emerging and Future Trends and Technologies for the Detection and Typing of Escherichia coli 105
4.1 Future Trends in Foodborne Illness and Escherichia coli 105
4.2 Future Trends in the Detection and Typing of Pathogens 106
4.2.1 Microarrays 107
4.2.2 Matrix Assisted Laser-Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry 108
4.2.3 Nanotechnology 109
4.2.4 Next-Generation Sequencing of the Whole Bacterial Genome 110
References 112