Oxygenases (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Oxygenases 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
CONTRIBUTORS 6
PREFACE 8
CHAPTER 1. 
14 
I. Introduction 14
II. Dehydrogenases, Oxidases, and Oxygenases 16
III. Methodology 19
IV. Nomenclature and Classification 22
V. General Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Oxygenases 25
VI. Physiological Significance of Oxygenases 34
VII. Distribution of Oxygenases in Nature 38
REFERENCES 40
CHAPTER 2. 
44 
I. Introduction 45
II. The Preparation of Materials 49
III. Problems and Restrictions in the Use of Oxygen-18 58
IV. The Separation and Purification of Compounds for Isotopic Analysis 71
V. Isotopic Anal/sis 75
VI. Conclusion 93
REFERENCES 94
CHAPTER 3. 
100 
I. Introduction 100
II. Catechol Oxygenases 102
III. Phenolic Oxygenases 112
IV. Other Aromatic Oxygenases 121
V. Reactions That May Be Oxygenations 128
VI. Speculations on Mechanism 133
VII. Coda 137
REFERENCES 137
CHAPTER 4. 
142 
I. Introduction 142
II. The Conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine 144
III. Conversion of Dopamine to Norepinephrine 171
IV. General Discussion of Mechanism of Aerobic Hydroxylation Reactions 183
REFERENCES 192
CHAPTER 5. 
194 
I. Introduction 195
II. Oxygenases in the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol 196
III. Oxygenases in the Biosynthesis of the Bile Acids 201
IV. Oxygenases in the Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones 211
V. Oxygenases of Animal Origin Acting on C18, C19, and C21 Steroids 227
VI. Oxygenases of Microbiological Origin 230
VII. Steroid Hydroxylation Mechanisms 238
VIII. Oxygenases in Fatty Acid Metabolism 242
IX. Summary 249
Addendum 249
REFERENCES 250
CHAPTER 
254 
I. Introduction 254
II. Involvement of Molecular Oxygen in Hydrocarbon Utilization 255
III. Anaerobic Oxidation of Alkanes 267
IV. Cyclic Hydrocarbons 271
REFERENCES 282
CHAPTER 7. 
286 
I. Historical Introduction 287
II. The Mechanism of the Oxidase Reaction 290
III. The Physiological Role of the Oxidase Reaction 310
IV. Conclusions 314
Addendum 315
REFERENCES 316
CHAPTER 8. 
320 
I. Introduction 320
II. Preparation and Physicochemical Properties 321
III. Oxidation of o-Dihydroxyphenols 336
IV. Oxidation of Monohydroxyphenols 341
V. Concluding Remarks 361
REFERENCES 362
CHAPTER 9. Model Oxygenases and Theoretical Considerations on the Activation of Oxygen 368
I. Introduction 368
II. General Physicochemical Considerations on Reaction Mechanisms Involving Free Oxygen 370
III. General Phenomena Involving Free Oxygen 374
IV. Reaction Mechanisms in Biological and Model Oxidase Systems 386
REFERENCES 417
CHAPTER 10. 
422 
I. Introduction 422
II. Preparation of Cytochrome Components 427
III. Cytochrome Oxidase System of Heart Muscle 437
IV. Pseudomonas Cytochrome Oxidase 462
V. Discussion 472
REFERENCES 477
CHAPTER 11. 
482 
I. Introduction 483
II. Preparation and Physicochemical Properties 483
III. Chemical Composition 487
IV. X-ray and Paramagnetic Resonance Studies on Structure 490
V. Reactions with Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, and Nitric Oxide 495
VI. Dissociation and Reconstitution Studies 514
VII. Riddle of the Stability of Oxyhemoglobin and Oxymyoglobin 515
Addendum 525
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 525
REFERENCES 525
CHAPTER 12. 
530 
I. Introduction 530
II. Hemerythrin 533
III. Hemocyanin 543
IV. Conclusions 559
REFERENCES 562
Author Index 568
Subject Index 586