Mammalian Cytogenetics and Related Problems in Radiobiology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Mammalian Cytogenetics and Related Problems in Radiobiology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
FOREWORD 8
PREFACE 10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 12
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 16
Part 1: Mammalian Tissue Culture and Cytology 20
CHAPTER 1. THE NUTRITION AND METABOLISM OF CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS 22
I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 22
II. CULTURED CELLS VS. ORGANIZED TISSUES 28
REFERENCES 34
CHAPTER 2. THE BLOOD TECHNIQUE AND HUMAN CHROMOSOMES 36
TECHNIQUE 39
REFERENCES 48
CHAPTER 3. DNA REPLICATION IN HUMAN CHROMOSOMES — A REVIEW 50
THE TECHNIQUE 50
RESULTS 52
REPLICATION OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE HUMAN MALE 54
DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN THE STUDY OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN CHROMOSOMES 55
PERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 55
REFERENCES 56
CHAPTER 4. PROGRESS IN THE UTILIZATION OF CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR STUDIES IN MAMMALIAN AND HUMAN SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 58
DETECTION OF KNOWN MUTANTS IN CELL CULTURE 59
USABILITY OF KNOWN DETECTABLE MUTANTS IN CELL CULTURE 63
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIANT LINES IN ESTABLISHED CELL CULTURES 65
POSSIBILITIES OF GENETIC EXCHANGE AND RECOMBINATION MECHANISMS 69
SUMMARY 71
REFERENCES 72
CHAPTER 5. MODIFICATION OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN THE EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR BY OXYGEN OR SODIUM AZIDE 74
REFERENCES 78
CHAPTER 6. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS 80
I. TYPES OF CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS 81
II. THE USE OF CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS AS TOOLS IN OTHER INVESTIGATIONS 95
REFERENCES 103
CHAPTER 7. CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE in vitro 106
INTRODUCTION 106
SPONTANEOUS ABERRATION RATES 114
COMPARISON WITH OTHER SYSTEMS 121
CONCLUSIONS 124
REFERENCES 124
CHAPTER 8. XX/XXX MOSAIC IN A PATIENT WITH OLIGOPHRENIA AND OLIGOMENORRHEA 128
THE No. 18 TRISOMY SYNDROME 131
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 135
REFERENCES 135
CHAPTER 9. SURVIVAL OF HUMAN CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE AFTER IRRADIATION WITH DENSELY AND SPARSELY IONIZING RADIATION 136
INTRODUCTION 136
MATERIALS AND METHODS 137
THE RELATION BETWEEN RBE AND LET 138
MODIFICATION OF THE RADIATION RESPONSE 142
DISCUSSION 150
SUMMARY 150
REFERENCES 151
CHAPTER 10. OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF NORMAL HUMAN CHROMOSOMES 152
INTRODUCTION 152
OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION 154
ROSETTE FORMATION, NUCLEOLUS-ORGANIZATION, AND CHROMOSOME No. 9 162
SOMATIC ASSOCIATION 169
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 170
REFERENCES 172
CHAPTER 11. THE CHROMOSOMES OF THE BRAZILIAN OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS L., 1758) 176
RESULTS 180
DISCUSSION 180
SUMMARY 181
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 181
REFERENCES 181
CHAPTER 12. THE CHROMOSOMES OF THE MULITA (DASYPUS HYBRIDUS DESMAREST): A MAMMALIAN EDENTATA OF SOUTH AMERICA 182
INTRODUCTION 182
RESULTS 183
DISCUSSION 187
SUMMARY 188
REFERENCES 189
CHAPTER 13. ON HUMAN PACHYTENE CHROMOSOMES 190
INTRODUCTION 190
A. METHODS 190
B. MORPHOLOGY 192
C. CYTOGENETICS 200
E. PHYSIOLOGY 201
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 204
REFERENCES 204
DISCUSSION 205
CHAPTER 14. ABNORMALITIES OF AUTOSOMES 210
DEFINITION OF AUTOSOMAL SYNDROMES 210
THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF APPARITION OF AUTOSOMAL DISORDERS 214
REFERENCES 220
CHAPTER 15. TRISOMY OF 13-15 GROUP IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED CONGENITAL ANALGESIA 224
REFERENCES 229
CHAPTER 16. ABNORMALITIES OF SEX CHROMOSOMES 230
INTRODUCTION 230
NORMAL SEX CHROMOSOMES 231
TYPE, ORIGIN, AND FREQUENCY OF SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES 233
SEX DETERMINATION AND SEX DIFFERENTIATION 243
CYTOLOGICAL MAPPING AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SEX CHROMOSOMES 245
SUMMARY 247
REFERENCES 247
CHAPTER 17. DETECTION AND USE OF CYTOLOGICAL ANOMALIES IN THE MOUSE 254
INTRODUCTION 254
PRODUCTION AND DETECTION OF RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS 255
DETECTION AND USE OF CELL MARKER TRANSLOCATION 257
THE MALE-DETERMINING CAPACITY OF THE Y CHROMOSOME 259
THE MALE ANTIGEN IN MICE 261
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 263
REFERENCES 263
CHAPTER 18. CHROMOSOME STUDIES IN HEMOPOIETIC DISEASES AND IN ANOMALIES OF SEX DEVELOPMENT 266
REFERENCES 271
CHAPTER 19. THE SEX CHROMATIN: ITS ORIGIN AND NATURE 274
SUMMARY 286
REFERENCES 287
CHAPTER 20. ROUND TABLE ON FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH 290
Part 2: Selected Topics in Radiobiology 310
CHAPTER 21. MOLECULAR CHANGES RESPONSIBLE FOR ULTRAVIOLET INACTIVATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DNA 312
INTRODUCTION 312
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 322
REFERENCES 323
DISCUSSION 324
CHAPTER 22. RADIATION EFFECTS ON ENZYMES AND ENZYMATIC SYSTEMS, PARTICULARLY ON CHOLINESTERASES 330
REFERENCES 342
DISCUSSION 343
CHAPTER 23. RADIOBIOCHEMICAL LESIONS IN DNA AND REPRODUCTIVE DEATH IN IRRADIATED CELLS 348
REFERENCES 351
DISCUSSION 352
CHAPTER 24. ACTION OF STREPTOMYCIN ON PHAGE DEVELOPMENT IN ST APHYLOCOCCUS ALBUS 356
INTRODUCTION 356
MATERIALS AND METHODS 357
RESULTS 358
DISCUSSION 363
REFERENCES 363
DISCUSSION 364
CHAPTER 25. THE RADIOSENSITIVITY OF MATURE GERM CELLS AND FERTILIZED EGGS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER 366
MATERIALS AND METHODS 369
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 371
SUMMARY 378
REFERENCES 378
DISCUSSION 379
CHAPTER 26. RADIATION-INDUCED MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASIA IN THE RAT 382
MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASIA IN THE RAT 382
"ABSCOPAL" NEOPLASIA INDUCTION 395
SUMMARY 395
REFERENCES 396
DISCUSSION 397
CHAPTER 27. A COMMENTARY ON THE ACTION OF RADIATION ON BIOELECTRIC TISSUES AND ORGANS 404
THE ACTION OF RADIATION ON NERVOUS TISSUES 405
THE ACTION OF RADIATION ON MUSCLES 408
THE ACTION OF RADIATION ON ELECTRIC TISSUE 409
CHAPTER 28. THE EFFECTS OF X-RAYS ON EXCITABLE TISSUES 412
PROCEDURE 413
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF X-RAYS 414
OBSERVATIONS WITH A PULSED RADIATION SOURCE DELIVERING 60 krad/2 /µsec PULSE 415
DELAYED EFFECTS OF X-RAYS 415
CONCLUSIONS 417
REFERENCES 418
DISCUSSION 419
NAME INDEX 422
SUBJECT INDEX 433