Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

S. Ahmed, L.B. Brattsten (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

358 Seiten

2011
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4612-9040-7 (ISBN)

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Thanks to the meticulous and enthusiastic work of insect collectors and taxonomists over the past hundred years and more, we have today a large amount of information on the feeding habits and life styles of sev eral hundred thousands of insect species. Insects that feed on plants during at least one of their life stages constitute about half of the three-quarters of a million described species. Their numbers both in terms of species and individuals together with their small but macroscopic sizes makes the insect-plant biological interface perhaps the most conspicuous, diverse and largest assemblage of intimate interspecies interactions in existence. It is also perhaps the most important biological interface be cause of the plants' role as primary producers upon which all other forms of earthly life depend, thereby bringing herbivorous insects occasionally into direct competition with human food and fiber production. Early enthusiasm revealed many remarkable specializations and associ ations between insects and plants, and occasionally assigned chemical me diators for them. However, the modern practices of large scale crop pro tection by synthetic pesticides and their attendant problems, particularly with resistance in "pests" and destruction of natural enemies, have been in large measure responsible for drawing our attention to the mechanisms whereby plants control insect populations and insects adapt to the plants' defenses. These practices have also brought home the importance of chemical mediators in practically all aspects of insect activities and, in parti cular, the importance of plant allelochemicals in maintaining and balan cing insect-plant associations.

The Perception of Plant Allelochemicals that Inhibit Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Insect Feeding Behavior.- 3. The Contact Chemoreceptive System.- 4. Inhibitory Plant Allelochemicals.- 5. Summary.- 6. Acknowledgement.- 7. References.- Allelochemicals and Alimentary Ecology: Heterosis in a Hybrid Zone?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Hybridization Studies and Experimental Approach.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Summary.- 6. Acknowledgement.- 7. References.- Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cytochrome P-450.- 3. Other Biological Oxidations.- 4. Biological Reductions.- 5. Hydrolases.- 6. Group Transfer Enzymes.- 7. Summary.- 8. Acknowledegment.- 9. References.- Consequences of Induction of Foreign Compound-Metabolizing Enzymes in Insects.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Induction of Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Monooxygenases.- 3. Induction of Glutathione Transferases.- 4. Induction of Esterases.- 5. Induction of Epoxide Hydrolases.- 6. Consequences of Enzyme Induction.- 7. Summary.- 8. Acknowledgement.- 9. References.- Adaptive Divergence of Chewing and Sucking Arthropods to Plant Allelochemicals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Plant Resistance to Chewing and Sucking Insects.- 3. Susceptibility Differences to Toxicants.- 4. The Aphid as a Model Phytophage of Phloem Chemicals.- 5. Adaptive Detoxification.- 6. Target Site Selectivities.- 7. Summary.- 8. Acknowledgement.- 9. References.- Fate of Ingested Plant Allelochemicals in Herbivorous Insects.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Terpenes.- 3. Steroids.- 4. Phenylpropanoids.- 5. Flavonoids.- 6. Amino acids.- 7. Cyanogenic Glycosides.- 8. Glucosinolates.- 9. Alkaloids.- 10. Summary.- 11. Acknowledgement.- 12. References.- Target Site Insensitivity in Insect-Plant Interactions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. TSI and Synthetic Insecticides.- 3. TSI in Natural Systems.- 4. Examples of TSI in Insect-Plant Interactions.- 5. Coevolutionary Consequences of TSI.- 6. Summary.- 7. Acknowledgement.- 8. References.- Behavioral Adaptations in Insects to Plant Allelochemicals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Avoiding Defenses in Time.- 3. Avoiding Defenses in Space.- 4. Mechanisms to Avoid Triggering Defenses.- 5. Overwhelming Plant Defenses.- 6. Blocking Plant Defenses.- 7. The Cost of Avoiding Plant Defenses.- 8. Summary.- 9. Acknowledgement.- 10. References.- Devising Pest Management Tactics Based on Plant Defense Mechanisms, Theoretical and Practical Considerations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Strategies to Devising Pest Management Schemes.- 3. Key Processes in Plant-Insect Encounters.- 4. Manipulating Plant-Insect Interactions.- 5. Can Pest Management Tactics Bases on Plant Defenses Favor Stability?.- 6. Summary.- 7. Acknowledgement.- 8. References.

Erscheint lt. Verlag	1.11.2011
Zusatzinfo	10 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 358 p. 10 illus.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	178 x 254 mm
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Evolution
ISBN-10	1-4612-9040-6 / 1461290406
ISBN-13	978-1-4612-9040-7 / 9781461290407
Zustand	Neuware