Medical Firsts (eBook)

ROBERT E. ADLER, PhD, is a psychologist, science journalist, and author of the critically acclaimed Science Firsts. He writes about a wide variety of scientific and medical topics for New Scientist, Nature, and other publications.

Acknowledgments.Introduction.1. Hippocrates: A Principle and a Method.2. Herophilus and Erasistratus: The Light That Failed.3. Marcus Varro: The Germ of an Idea.4. Soranus: The Birthing Doctor.5. Galen of Pergamon: Combative Genius.6. The Enlightened Mind of Abu Bakr al-Razi.7. Ibn al-Nafis: Galen’s Nemesis.8. Paracelsus: Renaissance Rebel.9. Andreas Vesalius: Driven to Dissection.10. Johann Weyer: A Voice of Sanity in an Insane World.11. William Harvey and the Movements of the Heart.12. Edward Jenner: A Friend of Humanity.13. Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made On: The Discovery of Anesthesia.14. Antisepsis: Awakening from a Nightmare.15. The Quiet Dr. Snow.16. Pasteur and the Germ Theory of Disease.17. Out of the Corner of His Eye: Roentgen Discovers X-rays.18. Sigmund Freud’s Dynamic Unconscious.19. Beyond Bacteria: Ivanovsky’s Discovery of Viruses.20. The Prepared Mind of Alexander Fleming.21. Margaret Sanger and the Pill.22. Organ Transplantation: A Legacy of Life.23. A Baby’s Cry: The Birth of In Vitro Fertilization.24. Humanity Eradicates a Disease—Smallpox—for the First Time.25. Cannibals, Kuru, and Mad Cows: A New Kind of Plague.26. Self, Nonself, and Danger: Deciphering the Immune System.27. Discovery Can’t Wait: Deciding the Human Genome.28. Into the Future.References and Further Reading.Index.

“Adler writes enthusiastically and engagingly about his subjects…” (British Medical Journal, 2nd October 2004)“A valuable edition to a thriving scientific literary genre, this is a tour de force of medicine’s chequered history.” (Good Book Guide, June 2004)“This is a ‘must read’ book for any with an interest in medical history.” (Country Doctor, June 2004)In this cursory though delightful companion to his previous Science Firsts, Adler ably combines good storytelling, clear and cogent scientific explanations, a respect for science over superstition and a love of what he sees as one of humanity’s “finest and most difficult” arts: “the application of medical knowledge to individual human beings like you and me.” Through short, chronologically arranged histories of individuals who have defined medicine, Adler presents a compelling narrative arc from Hippocrates’ dream of “human mastery of health and disease” to current efforts to “decode, understand, and manipulate genetic information.” Adler vividly portrays the heroic efforts of such greats as Herophilus, who “discovered and described the prostate, the spermatic duct, the Fallopian tubes, and the ovaries” in the fourth century B.C.; Abu Bark al-Razi, whose 10th-century A.D. description of smallpox reads like “a modern diagnostic manual”; and Johann Weyer, who fought against the “paranoia, cruelty, and hatred of women” in the “Mal leus Maleficarum,” the bible of witch-hunters throughout Europe during the Inquisition. Adler also cogently presents more recent individuals such as Margaret Sanger, who championed the development and use of the first oral contraceptive, and Carleton Gajdusek and Stanley Prusiner, who worked to solve such illnesses as mad cow disease. (Apr.) (Publishers Weekly, February 16, 2004)"In this slim but powerful volume, science writer Adler chronicles two-and-a-half millennia of medical history in all its fits, stalls, and starts. More than that, with lively narrative and numerous illustrations, he breathes life into each of the giants who laid a stepping-stone in medicine's path from cave drawings and charms to sophisticated, computer-assisted diagnoses. The contributors to the annals of medical knowledge he cites include the most famous names--Hippocrates, Pasteur, Freud, Alexander Fleming--and some not so commonly known, such as pioneering gynecologist Soranus (first century C.E.); Ibn al-Nafis (ca. 1210-88), credited as the first to understand and describe pulmonary circulation; and John Snow, an important figure in the war on cholera. From the parental background of Galen (130-200), the self-proclaimed "Prince of Physicians," to the social issues and political turmoil surrounding Margaret Sanger's fight for birth control, Adler discusses each figure's personal, social, and political history as it affected his or her contribution. A handy, highly readable reference." (Booklist)