Mammalian Carbohydrate Recognition Systems

Lectins of the ER Quality Control Machinery.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structural Aspects.- 3 Calnexin and Calreticulin in Quality Control of Glycoprotein Folding.- 4 Calnexin and Calreticulin in Glycoprotein Degradation.- 5 Regulation of Calnexin/Calreticulin-Substrate Interaction.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- MR60/ERGIC-53, a Mannose-Specific Shuttling Intracellular Membrane Lectin.- 1 Discovery.- 2 Structural Features.- 3 Intracellular Mannose-Specific Animal Lectins Are Homologous to Leguminous Plant Lectins.- 4 Oligomerization and Sugar Binding Activity.- 5 Cytological Features.- 6 Deciphering the Role of MR60/ERGIC-53: Looking for Highly Specific Oligosaccharide and Natural Glycoprotein Ligands.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- The Cation-Dependent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Intracellular Trafficking of the MPRs and Lysosomal Enzymes.- 3 Primary Structure and Biosynthesis of the CD-MPR.- 4 Carbohydrate Recognition by the CD-MPR.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Galectins Structure and Function - A Synopsis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure, Specificity, and Endogenous Ligands.- 3 Genes, Expression, and Targeting.- 4 Functional Effects.- 5 Biological Roles and Biomedical Use.- 6 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Structure and Function of CD44: Characteristic Molecular Features and Analysis of the Hyaluronan Binding Site.- 1 Synopsis.- 2 Cell Adhesion Proteins.- 3 Molecular Structure of CD44.- 4 Biological Functions and Ligands of CD44.- 5 The Link Protein Module.- 6 Analysis of the Hyaluronan Binding Site in CD44.- 7 Comparison of Carbohydrate Binding Sites.- 8 Conclusions.- References.- Structure and Function of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor.- 1 Functions and Biological Ligands of the Mannose Receptor.- 2 Structure of the MannoseReceptor.- 3 Mechanisms of Carbohydrate Binding by the Mannose Receptor.- 4 The Mannose Receptor Family.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- The Man/GalNAc-4-SO4-Receptor has Multiple Specificities and Functions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Oligosaccharides Terminating with the Sequence SO4-4GalNAc?1,4GlcNAc?1,2Man? (S4GGnM) Are Found on the Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormones of All Vertebrates.- 3 Terminal ?1,4-Linked GalNAc-4-SO4 Determines the Circulatory Half-life of LH.- 4 The Ga1NAc-4-SO4-Receptor: A Receptor with Multiple Carbohydrate Specificities and Functions.- 5 Functional Significance of the Man/Ga1NAc-4-SO4-Receptor.- 6 Future Directions.- References.- Sialoadhesin Structure.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Sialoadhesin Carbohydrate-Binding Domain Structure and Function.- 3 Comparison with Other Sialic Acid-Binding Proteins.- 4 Sialic Acid Mediated Cell Adhesion.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- Ligands for Siglecs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structures of Siglecs.- 3 Carbohydrate Recognition.- 4 Perspectives.- References.- Functions of Selectins.- 1 Selectin Structure and Expression.- 2 Functions Common to All Selectins.- 3 Differential Functions of Selectins.- 4 Signaling through Selectins.- 5 Selectin Ligands.- 6 Phenotype of Selectin-Deficient Mice.- 7 Selectin Ligand Deficiencies.- 8 Selectins and Disease.- 9 Summary.- References.- Carbohydrate Ligands for the Leukocyte-Endothelium Adhesion Molecules, Selectins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Carbohydrate Ligands for E-Selectin.- 3 Carbohydrate Ligands for L-Selectin.- 4 Oligosaccharide Ligands for P-Selectin.- 5 Perspectives.- References.- Structures and Functions of Mammalian Collectins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL).- 3 Surfactant Protein A (SP-A).- 4 Surfactant Protein D (SP-D).- 5 Cell Surface Receptors for Collectins.- 6SP-A and SP-D Gene Knock-out Mice.- 7 SP-A and SP-D in Human Diseases.- 8 Bovine Collectins: Conglutinin (BC) and Collectin-43 (CL-43).- References.