Structure and Function of Chloroplasts

Historical Outline.- Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast.- The Ultrastructure of Plastids.- A. Introduction.- B. Proplastids.- C. Amyloplasts, Proteinoplasts, and Elaioplasts.- D. Chloroplasts.- E. Chromoplasts.- F. Literature.- Light-Induced Chloroplast Contraction and Movement.- A. Introduction.- B. Changes in Chloroplast Shape.- C. Light-Induced Chloroplast Movements.- D. Literature.- Plastid Inheritance and Mutations.- A. Introduction.- B. Inheritance of Chloroplast Mutations.- C. Nature of the Plastome.- D. The Genetic Control of Chloroplast Development and Function.- E. Concluding Remarks.- F. Literature.- Nucleic Acids and Information Processing in Chloroplasts.- A. Introduction.- B. Information Storage.- C. Information Replication.- D. Information Transcription.- E. Information Translation.- F. Information Processing in Acetabularia Plastids.- G. Literature.- Lipids of Chloroplasts.- A. Phospholipids of Chloroplasts.- B. Glycolipids of Chloroplasts.- C. ?-Linolenic Esters in Lipids of Oxygen-Producing Chloroplasts.- D. The Plant Sulfolipid.- E. Deacylation of Chloroplast Lipids.- F. "Osrrnophilic" Lipid Globules of Chloroplasts.- G. Assembly of Chloroplast Lipoprotein.- H. Reconstitution of Chloroplast Membrane Lipoprotein.- I. Literature.- Biochemistry of Photophosphorylation.- A. Historical Introduction.- B. Electron Flow Patterns.- C. Coupling of Phosphorylation to Electron Flow.- D. Phosphorylation Inhibitors.- E. Partial Reactions Requiring a High Energy State.- F. Photophosphorylation in vivo.- G. Literature.- Carbohydrate Metabolism by Chloroplasts.- A. Isolation of Chloroplasts.- B. Compounds Formed during Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation and Their Intramolecular Labeling Patterns.- C. Enzymes Catalyzing the Reduction of CO2 to Carbohydrate.- D.Stoichiometry of Photosynthesis Measured in the Chloroplast.- E. Kinetics of CO2 Fixation.- F. Factors Controlling the Reduction of CO2 to Carbohydrate.- G. Literature.- Biosynthesis by Chloroplasts.- A. Proteins.- B. Lipids.- C. Chloroplast Pigments.- D. Chloroplast Quinones.- E. Polyprenols.- F. Sterols.- G. Regulation of Terpenoid Synthesis.- H. Literature.