International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1: Structure and Functions of Aquaporin-4-Based Orthogonal Arrays of Particles 12
1. Introduction 13
2. General Properties of OAPs and AQP4 14
3.OAPs and AQP4 in Cells Outside the Central Nervous System 19
4. OAPs and AQP4 in Cells of the Central Nervous System 24
5. OAPs and AQP4 in Reactive Astrocytes, Glioma, and Inflammation 31
6. Conclusions and Outlook 39
Acknowledgments 40
References 40
Chapter 2: Interpreting the Stress Response of Early Mammalian Embryos and Their Stem Cells 54
1. Introduction 58
2. Stress and Stress Enzymes 58
3. Stress Responses 63
4. Roles of Stress Enzymes 72
5. Models and Lessons 83
6. Summary, Significance, and Future Studies 91
Acknowledgments 95
References 95
Chapter 3: Directional Cell Migration: Regulation by Small G Proteins,Nectin-like Molecule-5, and Afadin 108
1. Introduction 109
2. Cell Movement 110
3. Small G Proteins and Leading Edge Structures 117
4. Nectins, Necls, and Afadin 122
5. Crosstalk between Growth Factor Receptors and Integrins 130
6. Regulation of Directionality of Cell Movement 133
7. Regulation of Dynamics of Cyclical Activation and Inactivation of Small G Proteins by Afadin 136
8. Concluding Remarks 140
Acknowledgments 141
References 141
Chapter 4: Mitochondrial RNA Import: FromDiversity of Natural Mechanismsto Potential Applications 156
1. Introduction 157
2. RNA Import in Protozoa 160
3. RNA Import in Plants 167
4. RNA Import in Fungi 172
5. RNA Import in Metazoa 177
6. Potential Applications of Macromolecule Import 184
7. Conclusion and Prospects 192
References 193
Chapter 5: New Insights into Vinculin Function and Regulation 202
1. Introduction 203
2. Vinculin Structure 204
3. Autoinhibited Conformation and Vinculin Activation 207
4. Biological Functions 212
5. Modes of Vinculin Regulation 222
6. Emerging Themes and Concepts 225
7. Interplay Between Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Adhesion: Vinculin in Development and Cardiomyopathy 230
8. Conclusions 233
Acknowledgments 233
References 233
Chapter 6: Nuclear Pore Complex: Biochemistryand Biophysics of NucleocytoplasmicTransport in Health and Disease 244
1. Introduction 245
2. What Drives Cargo Transport Through the NPC? 251
3. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Pathway 276
4. NPC and Diseases 278
5. Conclusion 287
Acknowledgments 287
References 288
Chapter 7: Dynamic Microtubules and the Texture of Plant Cell Walls 298
1. Introduction 299
2. Microtubules 305
3. The Paradoxical Outer Epidermal Wall 313
4. Microtubule Alignment and Twisted Growth 315
5. Microtubule and Microfibril Coalignment 317
6. (Re)interpreting Wall Patterns 325
7. A New Dynamic Model for the Influence of Microtubules on the Texture of Plant Cell Walls 330
8. Concluding Remarks 332
Acknowledgments 333
References 333
Index 342