Handbook of Models for Human Aging (eBook)

Front cover 1
Title page 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 8
Contributors 12
Preface 22
Color Plates 24
I. Introduction 28
1. Historical Development of Animal Models of Aging 28
2. Species Selection in Comparative Studies of Aging and Antiaging Research 36
3. Principles of Animal Use for Gerontological Research 48
4. From Primary Cultures to the Aging Organism: Lessons from Human T Lymphocytes 60
5. Models of Systems Failure in Aging 72
6. Major Issues in Ethics of Aging Research 96
7. Ethical Aspects of Research Involving Elderly Persons 106
II. General Methods 120
8. SAGE KE and Other Online Sources Related to Aging 120
9. Proteomics in Aging Research 126
10. Application of High-Throughput Technologies to Aging-Related Research 136
11. Models of Alzheimer’s Disease 148
12. Age-Related Hippocampal Dysfunction: Early Alzheimer’s Disease vs. Normal Aging 162
13. Epidemiology in Aging Research 170
14. Statistical Issues for Longevity Studies in Animal Models 180
15. Models for the Study of Infection in Populations 192
16. Estimation of the Rate of Production of Oxygen Radicals by Mitochondria 210
III. Animal Models 218
A. Non-mammalian Systems 218
17. Telomeres and Aging in the Yeast Model System 218
18. Longevity and Aging in Budding Yeast 234
19. From Yeast Methuselah Genes to Evolutionary Medicine 246
20. Strongyloides ratti: A Nematode with Extraordinary Plasticity in Aging 256
21. Insect Models for the Study of Aging 268
22. Drosophila Models of Aging 280
23. Models of Aging in Honeybee Workers 294
24. Ants as Naturally Long-lived Insect Models for Aging 304
25. Gene Expression and the Extended Longevity Phenotypes of Drosophila melanogaster 310
26. Annual Fish as a Genetic Model for Aging 328
27. The Use of Mature Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Model for Human Aging and Disease 336
28. Zebrafish as Aging Models 344
29. Telomeres in Aging: Birds 366
30. Domestic and Wild Bird Models for the Study of Aging 378
B. Mammalian Systems 394
31. A Transgenic Mini Rat Strain as a Tool for Studying Aging and Calorie Restriction 394
32. Rat Models of Age-Related Cognitive Decline 406
33. Aged Rodents for Biogerontology Research 420
34. Life Extension in the Dwarf Mouse 430
35. The Canine Model of Human Brain Aging: Cognition, Behavior, and Neuropathology 442
36. Bats as a Novel Model for Aging Research 462
37. Memory in the Aging Hippocampus: What Can Place Cells Tell Us? 474
38. The Rhesus Macaque as a Model of Human Aging and Age-Related Disease 484
39. Nonhuman Primates as Models for Reproductive Aging and Human Infertility 496
IV. Comparative Models 512
40. Neurobiology of the Aging Brain 512
41. Mitochondrial DNA and Aging 534
42. Models for Apoptosis: From Newborn to Adult 548
43. Age-related Changes in Hormones and Their Receptors in Animal Models of Female Reproductive Senescence 560
44. Model of Chaperones in Aging 580
45. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Aging-Related Diseases 590
46. Nuclear Transfer and Cloning: Preservation or Expansion of Proliferative Lifespan? 602
47. Human Models of Longevity 612
48. Computational Models of Mitochondrial DNA in Aging 618
49. Mouse Models of Accelerated Aging 628
V. Disease-States and Normal Aging 646
A. Disease States 646
50. Models, Definitions, and Criteria of Frailty 646
51. Fertility and Aging Men: An Introduction to the Male Biological Clock 658
52. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 668
53. Murine Models of Infectious Diseases in the Aged 678
54. Studying Infection in the Elderly: Physiopathology, Clinical Symptoms and Causative Agents of Pneumonia 688
55. Diabetes and Aging 698
56. Diabetes as a Model of Premature Aging 714
57. Frailty as a Model of Aging 724
58. Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly 730
59. Depression in Older Patients 740
60. The Aging Human Lung: Age-Associated Changes in Structure and Function 754
61. Iceland as a Model for Human Aging 762
62. Behavior and Personality in the Study of Successful Aging 768
B. Health Issues Affecting the Elderly 776
63. Andropause 776
64. Aging and the Perceptual Organization of Sounds: A Change of Scene? 786
65. Models of Immune Function in Aging 798
66. Human T Cell Clones in Long-Term Culture as Models for the Impact of Chronic Antigenic Stress in Aging 808
67. Age-Related Changes in the Human Retina 820
68. Models of Age-Related Vision Problems 840
69. Health, Functional, and Therapeutic Implications of Obesity in Aging 856
70. Age and Joints 868
71. Sleep Quality in the Elderly 880
72. Atherogenesis and Aging 892
73. Managing Menopausal Symptoms 900
74. Psychological Aging: A Contextual View 908
75. Nutrients and Aging 924
C. Approaches to Treatment and Models 938
76. Methods for Studying Hearing Impairment and Auditory Problems of the Aged 938
77. A Model for Understanding the Pathomechanics of Osteoarthritis in Aging 950
78. Aging and Cardiovascular Angiogenesis Models 964
79. Models for the Study of Stroke 974
80. Werner Syndrome as a Model of Human Aging 988
81. Models of Sarcopenia 1004
82. Aging of Human Skin 1020
83. Models of Hypertension in Aging 1026
Glossary 1038
Index 1068