Spatial Processing in Navigation, Imagery and Perception (eBook)

Contents 6
Contributing Authors 9
Preface 14
Chapter 1 SPATIAL PROCESSING DURING MENTAL IMAGERY: A NEUROFUNCTIONAL THEORY 20
SPATIAL PROCESSING DURING MENTAL IMAGERY: A NEUROFUNCTIONAL THEORY 20
SUBSYSTEMS OF LATE VISUAL PERCEPTION AND VISUAL MENTAL IMAGERY 21
THE VISUAL BUFFER 22
THE ATTENTION WINDOW 23
THE VENTRAL AND DORSAL SYSTEMS 24
ASSOCIATIVE MEMORIES 26
INFORMATION SHUNTING 28
ATTENTION SHIFTING 30
CONCLUSIONS 31
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 32
REFERENCES 32
Chapter 2 THE ROLE OF IMAGERY IN NAVIGATION: NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 35
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 3 FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE OF SPATIAL IMAGES PRODUCED BY PERCEPTION AND SPATIAL LANGUAGE 47
1. SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS FROM LANGUAGE AND PERCEPTION 48
2. SPATIAL IMAGES 51
3. A MODEL OF SPATIAL IMAGE PROCESSING 55
4. SPATIAL UPDATING OF SINGLE TARGETS 56
5. SPATIAL UPDATING OF MULTIPLE TARGETS 58
6. JUDGMENT OF ALLOCENTRIC DIRECTION AND DISTANCE 61
7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 63
REFERENCES 64
Chapter 4 SPATIAL PROCESSING AND VIEW- DEPENDENT REPRESENTATIONS 67
1. INTRODUCTION: VIEW-DEPENDENT REPRESENTATIONS 67
2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIEW- DEPENDENT REPRESENTATIONS 70
3. MODELS OF SPATIAL REPRESENTATION SYSTEMS 78
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 82
REFERENCES 82
Chapter 5 MODELING MENTAL SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING 84
An AI Perspective 84
1. MENTAL SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING 84
2. MODELS OF SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING 88
3. CASIMIR: AN ARCHITECTURE FOR MENTAL SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING 90
4. CHALLENGES FROM AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POINT OF VIEW 94
5. ASSESSING AND VALIDATING MODELS OF MENTAL SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING 97
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 98
7. REFERENCES 98
Chapter 6 OPTIC ATAXIA: A GATEWAY TO THE HUMAN VISUAL ACTION SYSTEM 102
1. THE TWO VISUAL STREAMS HYPOTHESIS 107
2. GRASPING VISUAL ILLUSIONS: COMPLEMENTARY EVIDENCE FOR TWO VISUAL STREAMS? 108
3. DELAYED MOVEMENTS: TIMING MAKES THE DIFFERENCE 110
4. INTERACTING STREAMS 113
5. PERSPECTIVES 115
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 118
REFERENCES 118
Chapter 7 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE SPACE AND MOTOR ACTIVITY13 123
1. ONE-STEP UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCE: THE INDUCED ROELOFS EFFECT 124
2. TWO-STEP UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCE: INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS 128
REFERENCES 133
Chapter 8 CROSS- MODAL INVOLVEMENT OF VISUAL CORTEX IN TACTILE PERCEPTION 134
1. INTRODUCTION 134
2. VISUAL CORTICAL INVOLVEMENT IN TACTILE PERCEPTION IN THE SIGHTED 135
3. DOES VISUAL IMAGERY MEDIATE CROSS- MODAL INVOLVEMENT OF VISUAL CORTEX IN TOUCH? 139
4. CROSS-MODAL INVOLVEMENT OF VISUAL CORTICAL AREAS IN TACTILE PERCEPTION IN THE BLIND 142
5. EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM VISUAL DEPRIVATION ON TOUCH 144
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 145
REFERENCES 145
Chapter 9 NEUROANATOMY OF THE PARIETAL CORTEX 150
1. GROSS ANATOMICAL SUBDIVISION 150
2. CONNECTIONS OF THE PARIETAL CORTEX 154
3. FUNCTIONS CONTROLLED BY THE PARIETAL CORTEX 156
4. CONCLUSION 159
REFERENCES 159
Chapter 10 SPATIAL MAPS, FEATURE INTEGRATION AND PARIETAL FUNCTION: IMPLICATIONS FROM THE STUDY OF SPATIAL DEFICITS 161
1. INTRODUCTION 161
2. WHAT IS PERCEIVED WITHOUT SPATIAL AWARENESS? 162
3. SPATIAL REFERENCE FRAMES AND SPATIAL DEFICITS? 165
4. ATTENTION, PARIETAL FUNCTION AND BINDING 168
5. WHERE IS ATTENTION WHEN SPACE PERCEPTION IS LOST? 170
6. LESION STUDIES IN AN ERA OF BRAIN IMAGING 171
REFERENCES 173
Chapter 11 PIGS IN SPACE: HOW WE RECOGNIZE ROTATED OBJECTS 176
1. INTRODUCTION 176
2. MENTAL ROTATION 177
3. EXTRACTING SHAPE INFORMATION 183
4. PERCEPTION OF ORIENTATION 188
5. CONCLUSIONS 189
REFERENCES 191
Chapter 12 FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF MENTAL ROTATION PERFORMANCE 195
1. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL COGNITION AND MENTAL ROTATION 195
2. FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF MENTAL ROTATION 198
3. LATERALISATION AND MENTAL ROTATION 205
4. GENDER DIFFERENCES 209
5. INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES 212
REFERENCES 214
Chapter 13 SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND NAVIGATION IN MICROGRAVITY 220
1. INTRODUCTION 221
2. EVA DISORIENTATION AND HEIGHT VERTIGO 233
3. 3D NAVIGATION PROBLEMS 235
4. RELATED THEORIES AND EXPERIMENTS 237
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 253
REFERENCES 254
Chapter 14 SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN THE RAT: CASE STUDY OR PERSPECTIVE ON EPISODIC MEMORY? 259
1. FROM STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR TO SPATIAL MEMORY: A HISTORICAL DETOUR 259
2. SPATIAL MEMORY IN THE LABORATORY 269
3. A DUAL MAP TO LINK EPISODES ON A SPATIO- TEMPORAL FRAMEWORK 278
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 282
REFERENCES 282
Chapter 15 SENSORIMOTOR TRANSFORMATIONS IN SPATIAL ORIENTATION RELATIVE TO GRAVITY 290
1. INTRODUCTION 290
2. THE FORWARD MODEL OF VESTIBULAR INFORMATION PROCESSING 291
3. AMBIGUOUS STIMULUS CONFIGURATIONS 292
4. SOME REASONS WHY JERK SIGNALS ARE USEFUL 293
5. SOLVING THE INVERSE PROBLEM OF VESTIBULAR INFORMATION PROCESSING 296
6. SUBSTITUTES OF HEAD ANGULAR VELOCITY INFORMATION 300
7. TRANSIENT HEAD ACCELERATIONS 303
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 306
REFERENCES 306
Chapter 16 SENSORIMOTOR CONTROL OF HUMAN DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR IN SPACE IMPLEMENTED INTO A HOMINOID ROBOT 310
1. INTRODUCTION 311
2. A SIMPLE PROTOTYPE OF SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION AND ITS FORMALIZATION ( MODELING) 316
3. CONCEPT OF SENSOR SYSTEMS 318
4. BASIC CONCEPTS OF SENSOR FUSION 320
5. SENSORY FEEDBACK AND SENSORIMOTOR CONTROL IN OUR SCENARIO 328
6. FIRST CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 331
7. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS DURING THE ROBOT CONSTRUCTION 332
8. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS FOR SENSORIMOTOR COORDINATION 334
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 335
REFERENCES 335
Chapter 17 THE VENTRO-DORSAL STREAM: PARIETO-PREMOTOR NEURAL CIRCUITS AND THEIR ROLE IN PRIMATE COGNITION 337
1. INTRODUCTION 337
2. THE DORSAL STREAMS 340
3. THE VENTRO-DORSAL STREAM: ACTION IN SPACE AND SPACE PERCEPTION 341
4. THE VENTRO-DORSAL STREAM: ACTION UNDERSTANDING 346
5. THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM FOR ACTIONS IN MONKEYS AND HUMANS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 347
6. THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM FOR ACTIONS AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF INTENTIONS 351
7. A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON ACTION AND PERCEPTION 354
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 356
REFERENCES 356
Chapter 18 MIND OVER MATTER? IMAGINED BODY MOVEMENTS AND THEIR NEURONAL CORRELATES 361
SENSORIMOTOR REPRESENTATIONS AND IMAGERY 362
MOTOR PROCESSES AND MENTAL ROTATION 363
SELF-MONITORING OF MOTOR INTENTIONS 364
IMAGERY AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE 365
IMAGINED ROTATIONS OF THE BODY 366
VIEWER BASED MENTAL ROTATION 367
IS VESTIBULAR INFORMATION INVOLVED IN MENTAL IMAGERY? 368
AN APPLIED EXAMPLE: ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY 370
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 371
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 372
REFERENCES 372
Chapter 19 BOTTOM-UP EFFECTS OF SENSORY CONFLICT AND ADAPTATION ON MENTAL IMAGERY: SENSORIMOTOR GROUNDS FOR HIGH LEVEL COGNITION? 377
1. INTRODUCTION 378
2. REPRESENTATIONAL NEGLECT, A SPATIAL IMAGERY DEFICIT 378
3. THE BOTTOM-UP TRACK: A COGNITIVE DEFICIT ALLEVIATED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL STIMULATIONS 382
4. CONCLUSION 391
REFERENCES 392
Chapter 20 CORTICAL PROCESSING OF AUDITORY SPACE: PATHWAYS AND PLASTICITY 396
1. BRAINSTEM PROCESSING OF AUDITORY SPACE 397
2. SPATIAL SELECTIVITY IN PRIMARY AND NONPRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX 397
3. EARLY PARALLEL PROCESSING IN THE AUDITORY CORTEX 398
4. SPATIAL AND PATTERN SELECTIVITY IN THE LATERAL BELT 399
5. AUDITORY BELT PROJECTIONS TO PARIETAL AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX 400
6. HUMAN IMAGING STUDIES OF AUDITORY CORTICAL PROCESSING 402
7. DUAL STREAMS IN HUMAN AUDITORY CORTICAL PROCESSING 402
8. PLASTICITY OF SOUND LOCALIZATION IN THE EARLY BLIND 405
9. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 410
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 411
REFERENCES 411
Chapter 21 NETWORKS FOR ATTENTIONAL CONTROL AND SELECTION IN SPATIAL VISION 418
1. INTRODUCTION 418
2. SPECIALIZATIONS IN TOP-DOWN ATTENTIONAL CONTROL 425
3. CONCLUSIONS 433
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 434
REFERENCES 434
Acknowledgments 440
Index 441