Organic Field Effect Transistors (eBook)

Preface 7
Contents 8
1 Introduction 12
1.1 Why OFETs? 12
1.2 A very brief history of OFETs 13
1.3 Organization of this book 14
2 The physics of organic semiconductors 16
2.1 Free electron model 16
2.2 Charge and energy carriers in conjugated molecules 22
2.3 Conclusion 26
3 Organic semiconductor materials for OFETs 28
3.1 Major classes of organic semiconductors 28
3.2 Small molecule semiconductors 31
3.3 Conclusions 37
4 Basic OFET fabrication 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Basic OFET structure and operation 40
4.3 Unit operations 41
4.4 Processing considerations for high crystallinity 56
4.5 Several archetypical process flows and variants 60
4.6 Conclusions 66
5 Advanced OFET fabrication 68
5.1 Introduction 68
5.2 Source and drain contacts 68
5.3 Gate dielectrics 74
5.4 Air sensitivity and encapsulation 77
5.5 Emerging deposition and patterning processes 79
5.6 Alternative OFET designs 80
5.7 Self-aligned OFETs 84
5.8 Conclusions 85
6 Modeling and characterization 86
6.1 Models 86
6.2 Parameters 91
6.3 Characterization 103
6.4 Device model 106
6.5 Parameter summary 107
6.6 Conclusions 112
7 OFET applications 114
7.1 Displays 114
7.2 Mechanical sensors 116
7.3 Imagers 117
7.4 RFID and logic 118
7.5 Conclusions 118
A Appendix A: Review articles 120
B Appendix B: Recipes and equipment 122
C Appendix C: Device layouts 130
D Appendix D: Logic gates 140
References 148
Index 158