Acute Heart Failure (eBook)

Contents 5
Foreword 9
Chapter 1 Cardiac physiology of acute heart failure syndromes 10
1.1 Cardiac performance 11
1.2 The fundamental equation of the circulation 12
1.3 Preload 13
1.4 Haemodynamic monitoring 19
1.5 Afterload 31
1.6 Contractility 35
1.7 Heart rate and contractility 39
1.8 Diastolic ventricular interaction (DVI) 40
1.9 Ventriculo-arterial coupling 46
1.10 Evaluation and assessment of the cardiac performance 50
1.11 Summary 52
Chapter 2 Acute heart failure syndromes 55
2.1 Definition 56
2.2 Classification of acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) 56
2.3 Aetiology and epidemiology 57
2.4 Pathophysiology 58
2.5 Data on clinical presentation and diagnosis 60
2.6 Therapy 64
2.7 Valvular heart diseases presenting as heart failure 75
2.8 Summary 78
Chapter 3 Cardiogenic shock 79
3.1 Definition 80
3.2 Epidemiology 80
3.3 Aetiology 81
3.4 Pathophysiological aspects and special features 81
3.5 Clinical features and diagnostic remarks 85
3.6 Therapy 89
3.7 Summary 93
Chapter 4 Acute right heart failure 96
4.1 Definition 97
4.2 Epidemiology and aetiology 97
4.3 Physiological and pathophysiological aspects 98
4.4 Diagnostic aspects 106
4.5 Therapy 109
4.6 Summary 116
Chapter 5 Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF) 119
5.1 Definition 120
5.2 Epidemiology and aetiology 120
5.3 Pathophysiology 121
5.4 Clinical features 125
5.5 Therapeutic considerations 132
5.6 Summary 133
References 135
Abbreviations 183