Reviews of Environmental Contamination Volume 197 (eBook)

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1
Contents 7
Introduction to Arsenic Contamination and Health Risk Assessment with Special Reference to Bangladesh 8
I Introduction 8
II Exposure Pathways for Arsenic 9
III Health Effects of Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic 11
IV Bioavailability of Ingested Inorganic Arsenic 12
V Application of the Health Risk Paradigm for Arsenic Contamination in the Bengal River Basin 14
VI Risk Mitigation for Arsenic Contamination 18
Summary 20
References 21
Arsenic Pollution Sources 23
I Introduction 24
II Arsenic Speciation 25
III Natural Sources 26
IV Anthropogenic Sources 47
Summary 54
References 57
Onsite Testing for Arsenic: Field Test Kits 67
I Introduction 67
II Criteria for Field Monitoring 68
III Analytical Methods for Water Samples 69
Summary 79
References 79
Technology for Remediation and Disposal of Arsenic 82
I Introduction 83
II Oxidation 84
III Coagulation and Filtration 89
IV Sorptive Filtration 98
V Ion Exchange 108
VI Membrane Techniques 110
VII Bioremediation by Algae 113
VIII Phytoremediation of Arsenic 114
IX Comparison of Arsenic Removal Technologies 115
X Conventional Filtration 116
XI Alternative Water Supply Options 118
XII Operational Issues 124
XIII Disposal of Generated Arsenic Waste 127
Summary 128
References 129
A Multi-Criteria Approach for Assessing Options to Remediate Arsenic in Drinking Water 134
I Introduction 135
II Multi-Criteria Approaches (MCA) 135
III Defining Criteria and Indicators 136
IV Defining Arsenic Treatment Options 138
V MCA Performance Matrix 140
VI Source Exposure Vector Criteria 143
VII Health Risk Criteria 146
VIII Cost Criteria 151
IX Community Acceptance Criteria 156
X Technical and Organizational Skill-Base Criteria 158
XI Community Location Criteria 158
XII Aggregating KPI Scores 161
Summary 164
References 165
Case Reports: Arsenic Pollution in Thailand, Bangladesh, and Hungary 167
I Introduction 168
II Arsenic Pollution in Thailand 168
III Arsenic Pollution in Bangladesh 179
IV Arsenic Pollution of Drinking Water in Hungary 183
Summary 189
References 190
Index 192