Advances in Virus Research

Professor Karl Maramorosch works at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Frederick A. Murphy, DVM, PhD, is professor, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston. He holds a BS and DVM from Cornell University and a PhD from the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). Formerly he was dean and distinguished professor, School of Veterinary Medicine, and distinguished professor, School of Medicine, UC Davis. Before that he served as director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases, and director of the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and is a member of the German National Academy of Sciences and the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine. He holds an honorary Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from the University of Turku, Finland; an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Guelph, Canada; an honorary Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from the University of London, United Kingdom; an honorary Doctor of Science from University College Dublin, Ireland; the Presidential Rank Award of the U.S. Government; the PennVet World Leadership Award from the University of Pennsylvania, and the Distinguished Microbiologist Award from the American College of Veterinary Microbiologists. At UTMB, he is a member of the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, and McLaughlin Endowment for Infection and Immunity. His professional interests include the pathology and epidemiology of highly pathogenic viruses/viral diseases: rabies and the rabies-like viruses, arboviruses, hemorrhagic fever viruses, and other neurotropic viruses. He has been a leader in advancing the concepts of “new and emerging infectious diseases” and “new and emerging zoonoses” and “the threat posed by bioterrorism.” Most recently, he has been working on Internet resources on the history of virology: “The Foundations of Virology” at http://www.utmb.edu/virusimages/.

Series Page

Contributors

Regulation of Foamy Viral Transcription and RNA Export I. Introduction

II. Foamy Viral Transcription

III. Foamy Viral Transcripts

IV. Tas Function

V. Modulation of Chromatin Formation and Structure

VI. Regulation of FV Polyadenylation

VII. Regulation of Foamy Viral RNA Export

Acknowledgments

Diagnosis and Control of Cereal Viruses in the Middle East I. Introduction

II. Diagnosis, Detection, and Typing of Cereal Viruses

III. Activities of National Plant Protection Services for Sustained Production of Cereal Germplasm

IV. Breeding Cereals Resistant to Viruses

V. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

The Roles of Host Factors in Tombusvirus RNA Recombination I. Introduction

II. Identification of Host Components Affecting TBSV Recombination Based on Genome-wide Screens in Yeast

III. Functions of Host Proteins in TBSV RNA Recombination

IV. The Combined Roles of Environmental and Host Factors in TBSV RNA Recombination

V. Summary and Outlook

Acknowledgments

Coronavirus Pathogenesis I. Introduction

II. Genome and Virion

III. Coronavirus-Induced Diseases

IV. Coronavirus Reverse Genetics

V. Structural Proteins

VI. Replicase Proteins

VII. MHV Accessory Proteins

VIII. SARS Accessory Proteins

IX. Conclusions and Future Directions

Acknowledgments

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Protein R as an Extracellular Protein in Neuropathogenesis I. Introduction

II. Extracellular Vpr: Active Secretion or Nonspecific Release?

III. Extracellular Presence of Other HIV-1 Proteins

IV. Source of Extracellular Vpr in the Brain

V. Impact of Extracellular Vpr on Cells in the Periphery

VI. Effects of Extracellular Vpr on Neurons

VII. Effects of Extracellular Vpr on Astrocytes

VIII. Conclusion

Acknowledgments