Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

Wyman W. Lai , Mount Sinai Medical Center, USA Luc Mertens , University Hospital Leuven, Belgium Meryl S. Cohen , The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA Tal Geva , Children's Hospital Boston, USA

List of Contributors vii Preface xi Part 1 Introduction to Cardiac Ultrasound Imaging 1. Ultrasound Physics 3 Piet Claus and Jan D'hooge 2. Laboratory Function, Instrumentation, Patient Preparation and Patient Safety 15 Richard A. Humes 3. Nomenclature and Segmental Approach to Congenital Heart Disease 22 Tal Geva 4. The Normal Pediatric Echocardiogram 34 Wyman W. Lai and H. Helen Ko Part 2 Quantitative Methods 5. Structural Measurements and Adjustment for Growth 53 Thierry Sluysmans and Steven D. Colan 6. Hemodynamic Measurements 63 Steven D. Colan 7. Echocardiographic Evaluation of Systolic Function 76 Luc L. Mertens, Javier Ganame and Benedicte Eyskens 8. Diastolic Ventricular Function Assessment 95 Peter C. Frommelt Part 3 Anomalies of the Systemic and Pulmonary Veins, Septa and Atrioventricular Junction 9. Pulmonary Venous Anomalies 119 David W. Brown 10. Systemic Venous Anomalies 143 Leo Lopez and James C. Huhta 11. Anomalies of the Atrial Septum 158 Tal Geva 12. Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum 175 Geoffrey A. Forbus and Girish S. Shirali 13. Tricuspid Valve and Right Atrial Anomalies 188 Ulrike E. Salzer-Muhar 14. Mitral Valve and Left Atrial Anomalies 214 James C. Nielsen and Sharon E. O'Brien 15. Common Atrioventricular Canal Defects 230 Meryl S. Cohen Part 4 Anomalies of the Ventriculoarterial Junction and Great Arteries 16. Anomalies of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Valve 251 Matthew S. Lemler and Claudio Ramaciotti 17. Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 264 Jami C. Levine 18. Abnormalities of the Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Arteries 283 Theresa A. Tacy 19. Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aortic Valve 297 John M. Simpson 20. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 315 David J. Goldberg and Jack Rychik 21. Aortic Arch Anomalies: Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch 339 Jan Marek, Matthew Fenton and Sachin Khambadkone 22. Tetralogy of Fallot 362 Shubhika Srivastava and Ira A. Parness 23. Truncus Arteriosus 385 Mark B. Lewin and Jack C. Salerno 24. Transposition of the Great Arteries 398 Luc L. Mertens, Manfred Otto Vogt, Jan Marek and Meryl S. Cohen 25. Double-Outlet Ventricle 417 Leo Lopez 26. Physiologically "Corrected" Transposition of the Great Arteries 439 Erwin Oechslin Part 5 Miscellaneous Cardiovascular Lesions 27. Functionally Univentricular Heart 459 Stephane L.J. Moniotte and Catherine Barrea 28. Cardiac Malpositions and Heterotaxy Syndrome 476 Irene D. Lytrivi and Wyman W. Lai 29. Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries 502 J. Rene Herlong 30. Vascular Rings and Slings 523 Andrew J. Powell 31. Connective Tissue Disorders 537 Julie De Backer, Ann De Paepe, Bart Loeys and Harry C. Dietz 32. Cardiac Tumors 547 Michele A. Frommelt Part 6 Anomalies of Ventricular Myocardium 33. Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis 559 Carolyn T. Spencer 34. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 581 Colin J. McMahon and Javier Ganame 35. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Pericardial Disease 597 Cecile Tissot, Christina Phelps and Adel K. Younoszai 36. Other Anomalies of the Ventricular Myocardium 619 Mary Etta E. King Part 7 Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease 37. Kawasaki Disease 637 Erik C. Michelfelder 38. Rheumatic Fever 648 Luciana T. Young 39. Infective Endocarditis 657 Manfred Otto Vogt Part 8 Special Techniques and Topics 40. Transesophageal Echocardiography 671 J. Geoffrey Stevenson 41. 3D Echocardiography 687 Folkert Jan Meijboom, Annemien van den Bosch and Jackie McGhie 42. Fetal Echocardiography 717 Lisa K. Hornberger 43. Vascular Ultrasound Imaging in Children 745 Elif Seda Selamet Tierney and Tajinder P. Singh 44. The Echocardiographic Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 754 Jeffrey F. Smallhorn Appendix 1: Normal Values for Cardiovascular Structures 765 Appendix 2: Echocardiography in Pediatric Disease States with Diastolic Dysfunction Peter C. Frommelt [Available on the enclosed DVD-ROM] Index 786