Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

Wyman W. Lai, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics at CUMC Columbia University Medical Center; Director, Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian New York, NY, USA

Luc L. Mertens, MD, PhD Section Head, Echocardiography The Hospital for Sick Children; Professor of Pediatrics The University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada

Meryl S. Cohen, MD Professor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Director, Echocardiography Program Director, Cardiology Fellowship The Cardiac Center The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA

Tal Geva, MD Professor of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging Department of Cardiology Boston Children s Hospital Boston, MA, USA

Contributors xxx

Preface xxx

Dedication xxx

Part I Introduction to Cardiac Ultrasound Imaging

1 Ultrasound Physics
Jan D’hooge and Luc Mertens

2 Instrumentation, Patient Preparation, and Patient Safety
Vivekaand Allada and Stacey Drant

3 Segmental Approach to Congenital Heart Disease
Tal Geva

4 The Normal Pediatric Echocardiogram
Wyman W. Lai and H. Helen Ko

Part II Quantitative Methods

5 Structural Measurements and Adjustments for Growth
Thierry Sluysmans and Steven D. Colan

6 Hemodynamic Measurements
Mark Friedberg

7 Echocardiographic evaluation of systolic function
Luc Mertens, Mark K Friedberg

8 Diastolic Ventricular Function Assessment
Peter C. Frommelt

Part III Anomalies of the Systemic and Pulmonary Veins, Septa, and Atrioventricular Junction

9 Pulmonary Venous Anomalies
David W. Brown

10 Systemic Venous Anomalies
Leo Lopez and Sarah Chambers

11 Anomalies of the Atrial Septum
Tal Geva

12 Ventricular Septal Defects
Shobha Natarajan and Meryl S. Cohen

13 Ebstein anomaly, tricuspid valve dysplasia and right atrial anomalies
Frank Cetta and Benjamin W. Eidem

14 Mitral Valve and Left Atrial Anomalies
James C. Nielsen and Laurie E. Panesar

15 Common Atrioventricular Canal Defects
Meryl S. Cohen

Part IV Anomalies of the Ventriculoarterial Junction and Great Arteries

16 Anomalies of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Valve
Matthew S. Lemler and Claudio Ramaciotti

17 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Jami C. Levine

18 Abnormalities of the Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Arteries
Bhawna Arya and Craig A. Sable

19 Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aortic Valve
John M. Simpson and Owen I. Miller

20 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
David J. Goldberg and Jack Rychik

21 Aortic Arch Anomalies: Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Jan Marek, Matthew Fenton, Sachin Khambadkone

22 Tetralogy of Fallot
Shubhika Srivastava, Wyman W. Lai, and Ira A. Parness

23 Truncus Arteriosus and Aortopulmonary Window
Timothy C. Slesnick, Ritu Sachdeva, Joe R. Kreeger, William L. Border

24 Transposition of the Great Arteries
Luc Mertens, Manfred Vogt, Jan Marek, Meryl S. Cohen

25 Double Outlet Ventricle
Leo Lopez and Tal Geva

26 Physiologically ‘Corrected’ Transposition of the Great Arteries
Erwin Oechslin

Part V Miscellaneous Cardiovascular Lesions

27 Hearts with Functionally One Ventricle
Stephen P. Sanders

28 Echocardiographic Assessment of Functionally Single Ventricles after the Fontan Operation
Marc Gewillig and Luc Mertens

29 Cardiac Malpositions and Heterotaxy Syndrome
Irene D. Lytrivi and Wyman W. Lai

30 Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries
J. René Herlong and Piers C. A. Barker

31 Vascular Rings and Slings
Andrew J. Powell

32 Connective Tissue Disorders
Julie Debacker, Ann De Paepe, Bart Loeys, Harry C. Dietz

33 Cardiac Tumors
Michele A. Frommelt

Part VI Anomalies of Ventricular Myocardium

34 Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis, and Heart Transplantation
Renee Margossian

35 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Colin J. McMahon and Javiar Ganame

36 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Pericardial Disease
Cecile Tissot and Adel K. Younoszai

37 Other Anomalies of the Ventricular Myocardium
Rebecca S. Beroukhim and Mary Etta E. King

Part VII Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease

38 Kawasaki Disease
Erik C. Michelfelder and Allison Divanovic

39 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Bo Remenyi, Andrew Steer, Michael Cheung

40 Infective Endocarditis
Manfred Otto Vogt and Andreas Kühn

Part VIII Special Techniques and Topics

41 Transesophageal and Intraoperative Echocardiography
Owen I Miller, Aaron J Bell, John M Simpson

42 3D Echocardiography
Folkert Jan Meijboom, Heleen van der Zwaan and Jackie McGhie

43 Pregnancy and Heart Disease
Anne Marie Valente

44 Fetal Echocardiography
Lisa K. Hornberger

45 The Echocardiographic Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Lindsay M. Ryerson and Jeffrey F. Smallhorn

APPENDIX
Steve Colan

Index xxx