Evidence-Based Hematology

Mark A. Crowther, MD, MSc, FRCPC McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Jeff Ginsberg, MD, FRCPC, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Holger J. Schünemann, MD, PhD, MSc, FACP, FCCP, Italian National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy Ralph M. Meyer, MD, FRCPC Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Richard Lottenberg, MD, FACP, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

List of Contributors vii

Preface xi

Part 1 A Guide to the Evidence
Editor: Holger J. Schünemann

1 Rating the Quality of Evidence and Making Recommendations: A Guide to the Spectrum of Clinical Research 3
Holger J. Schünemann, Martin Stanulla, Jan L. Brozek, Gordon G. Guyatt

2 An Overview of Systematic Reviews 10
Martin Prins, Arina ten Cate-Hoek, Pieter Leffers

3 Interpreting Results in Clinical Research: Overview of measures of effect, measures of precision, and measures of diagnostic accuracy for clinicians and researchers 15
Marcello Di Nisio, Harry R. Büller, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt

4 Finding the Evidence in Hematology 23
K. Ann McKibbon, Cynthia J. Walker-Dilks, R. Brian Haynes

5 Applying EBM in Clinical Practice 32
Alessandro Squizzato, Walter Ageno, Davide Imberti

6 Using Evidence to Guide the Diagnosis of Disease 37
Lucas M. Bachmann, Holger J. Schünemann

Part 2 Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Editor: Jeff Ginsberg

7 Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis 49
Lori-Ann Linkins

8 The Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism 56
Victor F. Tapson

9 Initial Therapy of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 65
Sam Schulman

10 Long-Term Anticoagulation in Venous Thromboembolism 73
Clive Kearon

11 Thrombolytic Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 88
Simon J. McRae, John W. Eikelboom

12 Inferior Vena Cava Interruption 99
Michael B. Streiff, Christine L. Hann

13 Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy 110
Wee-Shian Chan

14 Pediatric Thrombosis 120
Anthony K. C. Chan, Paul Monagle

15 Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients Who Require Temporary Interruption of Warfarin for Surgery 124
James D. Douketis, Scott Kaatz

16 Evidence-based Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 131
Brian Boulmay, Craig S. Kitchens

17 Diagnosis and Management of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 138
Julia A. M. Anderson

18 Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Bleeding Disorders: Including Congenital/Acquired Platelet Function Disorders 145
Nigel S. Key, Alice D. Ma

19 Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Bleeding Disorders: Vitamin K Antagonists 152
Miguel A. Escobar

20 Diagnosis and Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia 158
Theodore E. Warkentin, Andreas Greinacher

21 Management of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome 168
Wendy Lim, Mark A. Crowther

Part 3 Benign Hematologic Disorders
Editor: Richard Lottenberg

22 Clinical Questions in Iron Overload 179
Antonello Pietrangelo, Nicola Magrini

23 Aplastic Anemia, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, and Pure Red Cell Aplasia 189
Shivani Srivastava, Richard W. Childs

24 Acquired Anemias: Iron Deficiency, Cobalamin Deficiency, and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 197
Marc S. Zumberg, Marc J. Kahn

25 Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura 206
James N. George, Sara K. Vesely, George R. Buchanan

26 Neutropenia 215
David C. Dale

27 Hypereosinophilia: Primary and Secondary 221
Florence Roufosse, Michel Goldman, Elie Cogan

28 Porphyrias 229
Gagan Sood, Karl E. Anderson

29 Membrane and Enzyme Abnormalities of the Erythrocyte 238
Patrick G. Gallagher, Ernest Beutler

30 Sickle Cell Disease 244
Richard Lottenberg, Sally C. Davies

31 Evidence-based Treatment of Thalassemia Major 251
Issac Odame, Deborah Rund

Part 4 Malignant Hematologic Disorders
Editor: Ralph M. Meyer

32 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults 263
Stephen Couban, Andrea Kew

33 Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: Remission Induction Therapy 268
Cara A. Rosenbaum, Richard A. Larson

34 Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: Postremission Therapy 278
Cara A. Rosenbaum, Richard A. Larson

35 Current Areas of Controversy in the Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia 287
Martin S. Tallman, Syed A. Abutalib

36 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 294
Bruce D. Cheson

37 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 300
Irwin Walker

38 Selected Management of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes 305
John M. Storring, Karen W. L. Yee

39 Evidence-based Treatment of Burkitt Lymphoma in Adults 311
John Gerecitano, David J. Straus

40 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma 317
Tamara Shenkier

41 Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma 327
Michael Crump

42 Follicular Lymphoma 334
Kevin Imrie, Matthew Cheung

43 Lymphoblastic Lymphoma 342
Tyler Y. Kang, John W. Sweetenham

44 Mantle Cell Lymphoma 347
C. Tom Kouroukis

45 Management of Patients with Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma 352
Kerry J. Savage

46 Selected Management Issues of Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma 365
Ralph M. Meyer

47 Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma 372
Brandon McMahon, Jonathan W. Friedberg

48 Management of Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia 378
Guido Finazzi, Giovanni Barosi, Tiziano Barbui

49 Management of Patients with Polycythemia Vera 385
Guido Finazzi, Roberto Marchioli, Tiziano Barbui

50 Evidence-based Review of Therapies in Multiple Myeloma 390
Michael Sebag, A. Keith Stewart

51 Management of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia 396
Christine I. Chen

52 The Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Managing Patients with Hematologic Malignancies 402
Heloisa P. Soares, Ambuj Kumar, Charles Bennett, Benjamin Djulbegovic

Index 413