Antibiotic Resistance Protocols

Epidemiology and Population Genetics.- The RM Test for Determining Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineages.- Unravelling the Ecology of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Nasopharynx.- Genomics and Gene Expression.- Methods to Determine Antibiotic Resistance Gene Silencing.- Studying Gene Induction of Glycopeptide Resistance Using Gene Swapping.- Real-Time PCR Methods to Study Expression of Genes Related to Hypermutability.- Use of DNA Arrays to Study Transcriptional Responses to Antimycobacterial Compounds.- Fitness Mutation and Physiology.- Assays of Sensitivity of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Hydrogen Peroxide and Measurement of Catalase Activity.- Measurements of Heme Levels and Respiration Rate in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.- Methods to Determine Fitness in Bacteria.- Application of Continuous Culture for Measuring the Effect of Environmental Stress on Mutation Frequency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.- Detection of Resistance.- Identification of Efflux-Mediated Multi-drug Resistance in Bacterial Clinical Isolates by Two Simple Methods.- Evaluation of Efflux Activity of Bacteria by a Semi-automated Fluorometric System.- Measuring the Activity of Active Efflux in Gram-Negative Bacteria.- Rapid Characterization of ?-Lactamases by Multiplex PCR.- Rapid Methods for Testing Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Growth.- Use of Biofilm Model Systems to Study Antimicrobial Susceptibility.- Rapid Analysis of Resistant Mutant Genotypes Using Pyrosequencing®.