Diagnostic Imaging

Kevin A. Moore, MD, is the returning co-lead for this edition. He is Adjunct Professor of Neuroradiology and Pediatric Radiology at Primary Children's Medical Center at the University of Utah, and is Board Certified by the American Board of Radiology in Diagnostic Radiology, Pediatric Radiology, and Neuroradiology.

PART I Brain SECTION 1 Cerebral Hemispheres Malformations Holoprosencephaly, Jim Barkovich, MD Syntelencephaly, Jim Barkovich, MD Commissural Anomalies, Blaise V. Jones, MD Hemimegalencephaly, Blaise V. Jones, MD Schizencephaly, Blaise V. Jones, MD Microcephaly, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Heterotopic Gray Matter, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Polymicrogyria, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Lissencephaly, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Metabolic Disorders Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Blaise V. Jones, MD Leukodystrophies, Blaise V. Jones, MD Mitochondrial Encephalopathies, Blaise V. Jones, MD Hypomyelination, Blaise V. Jones, MD MELAS, Jim Barkovich, MD Gangliosidosis (GM2), Anna Illner, MD Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD), Gary L. Hedlund, DO Krabbe, Blaise V. Jones, MD Hypoglycemia, Anna Illner, MD X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Zellweger Syndrome, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Other Peroxisomal Disorders, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Urea Cycle Disorders, Jim Barkovich, MD Glutaric Aciduria Type, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Canavan Disease, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Alexander Disease, Anna Illner, MD MLC, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) PKAN, Anna Illner, MD Huntington Disease, Jim Barkovich, MD Wilson Disease, Jim Barkovich, MD Kernicterus, Gilbert Vezina, MD Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Mesial Temporal Sclerosis, Kevin R. Moore, MD Vascular Disorders Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage, Jim Barkovich, MD Sickle Cell Disease, Brain , Gilbert Vezina, MD Childhood Stroke, Blaise V. Jones, MD White Matter Injury of Prematurity, Gary L. Hedlund, DO HIE, Term, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Trauma Cerebral Contusion, Gilbert Vezina, MD Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI), Gilbert Vezina, MD Subcortical Injury, Gilbert Vezina, MD Hydranencephaly, Anna Illner, MD Tumors Astroblastoma, Gilbert Vezina, MD Ganglioglioma, Charles Raybaud, MD Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma, Jim Barkovich, MD DNET, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Supratentorial PNET, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Neuroglial Cyst, Charles Raybaud, MD Enlarged Perivascular Spaces, Gilbert Vezina, MD Porencephalic Cyst, Charles Raybaud, MD Ependymoma, Supratentorial, Charles Raybaud, MD Infection/Inflammation Congenital CMV, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Congenital HIV, Gilbert Vezina, MD Congenital Herpes, Gilbert Vezina, MD Abscess, Ellen Grant, MD Herpes Encephalitis, Ellen Grant, MD Rasmussen Encephalitis, Ellen Grant, MD Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Charles Raybaud, MD SECTION 2 Sella/Suprasellar Introduction and Overview Pituitary Development, Jim Barkovich, MD Sella/Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Pituitary Anomalies, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Tuber Cinereum Hamartoma, Jim Barkovich, MD Lymphocytic Hypophysitis, Jim Barkovich, MD SECTION 3 Pineal Region Germinoma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Pineoblastoma, Anna Illner, MD Teratoma, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Embryonal Carcinoma, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Pineal Cyst, Ellen Grant, MD SECTION 4 Cerebellum/Brain Stem Brainstem Tumors, Jim Barkovich, MD Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Medulloblastoma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Dandy Walker Spectrum, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Rhombencephalosynapsis, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Congenital Vermian Hypoplasia, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Cowden-Lhermitte-Duclos (COLD) Syndrome, Ellen Grant, MD Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Infratentorial Ependymoma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Molar Tooth Malformations (Joubert), Jim Barkovich, MD Cerebellar Dysplasias (Unclassified), Jim Barkovich, MD SECTION 5 Ventricular System Introduction and Overview Ventricular Anatomy & Imaging Issues, Jim Barkovich, MD Ventricular System Choroid Plexus Papilloma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Choroid Plexus Carcinoma, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Hydrocephalus, Blaise V. Jones, MD Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Septooptic Dysplasia, Jim Barkovich, MD Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Choroid Plexus Cyst, Ellen Grant, MD Ependymal Cyst, Ellen Grant, MD Ventriculitis, Ellen Grant, MD Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP), Charles Raybaud, MD Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI), Charles Raybaud, MD Aqueductal Stenosis, Charles Raybaud, MD Communicating Hydrocephalus, Gilbert Vezina, MD SECTION 6 Meninges, Cisterns, Calvarium, Skull Base Encephaloceles, Blaise V. Jones, MD Arachnoid Cyst, Blaise V. Jones, MD Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts, Blaise V. Jones, MD Meningioangiomatosis, Ellen Grant, MD Neurocutaneous Melanosis, Anna Illner, MD Epidural Hematoma, Charles Raybaud, MD Acute Subdural Hematoma, Charles Raybaud, MD Evolving Subdural Hematoma, Charles Raybaud, MD Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Charles Raybaud, MD Neuroblastoma, Metastatic, Blaise V. Jones, MD Bacterial Meningitis, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Empyema, Charles Raybaud, MD Craniostenoses, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Atretic Cephalocele, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Calvarium Fracture, Ellen Grant, MD Fibrous Dysplasia, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Extramedullary Hematopoiesis, Brain, Charles Raybaud, MD Thick Skull, Charles Raybaud, MD Congenital Calvarial Defects, Jim Barkovich, MD Small Skull Base, Jim Barkovich, MD SECTION 7 Blood Vessels Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation, Blaise V. Jones, MD Persistent Trigeminal Artery, Charles Raybaud, MD Moyamoya, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Arteriovenous Malformation, Charles Raybaud, MD Dural A-V Fistula, Charles Raybaud, MD Developmental Venous Anomaly, Charles Raybaud, MD Sinus Pericranii, Anna Illner, MD Cavernous Malformation, Ellen Grant, MD Capillary Telangiectasia, Ellen Grant, MD SECTION 8 Multiple Regions, Brain Phakomatoses Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Blaise V. Jones, MD Neurofibromatosis Type 2, Blaise V. Jones, MD von Hippel Lindau, Jim Barkovich, MD Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, Gilbert Vezina, MD HHT, Charles Raybaud, MD Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis, Anna Illner, MD Trauma Missile and Penetrating Injury, Gilbert Vezina, MD Child Abuse, Brain, Blaise V. Jones, MD Malformations Lipoma, Jim Barkovich, MD Congenital Muscular Dystrophy, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Neurenteric Cyst, Intracranial, Jim Barkovich, MD Infection/Inflammation Encephalitis (Miscellaneous), Gilbert Vezina, MD Tuberculosis, Gilbert Vezina, MD Neurocysticercosis, Gilbert Vezina, MD Parasites, Miscellaneous, Gilbert Vezina, MD Metabolic Disorders Leigh Syndrome, Jim Barkovich, MD Mucopolysaccharidoses, Skull and Brain, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome, Gilbert Vezina, MD CSF Shunts and Complications, Susan I. Blaser, MD FRCP(C) Intracranial Hypotension, Jim Barkovich, MD Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Skull & Brain, Gary L. Hedlund, DO Tumors Atypical Teratoid-Rhabdoid Tumor, Blaise V. Jones, MD Leukemia, Blaise V. Jones, MD PART II HEAD AND NECK SECTION 1 Temporal Bone & Skull Base Labyrinthine Aplasia, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Cochlear Aplasia, Inner Ear, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Common Cavity, Inner Ear, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Cystic Cochleovestibular Anomaly, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Semicircular Canal Dysplasia, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Large Endolymphatic Sac Anomaly, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Epidermoid Cyst, CPA-IAC, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Arachnoid Cyst, CPA-IAC, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Congenital Cholesteatoma, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Acquired Cholesteatoma, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Chondrosarcoma, Ellen Grant, MD SECTION 2 Orbit, Nose and Sinuses Coloboma, Ellen Grant, MD Dermoid and Epidermoid, Orbit, Ellen Grant, MD Nasolacrimal Duct Dacrocystocele, Ellen Grant, MD Choanal Atresia, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Nasal Glioma, Ellen Grant, MD Sincipital Cephalocele, Ellen Grant, MD Nasal Dermal Sinus, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Retinoblastoma, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma, Blaise V. Jones, MD Aural Atresia, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Orbital Cellulitis, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Lymphatic Malformation, Orbit, Ellen Grant, MD Venolymphatic Malformation, Orbit, Ellen Grant, MD Hemangioma, Orbit, Ellen Grant, MD Anophthalmia, Ellen Grant, MD Microphthalmia, Ellen Grant, MD Macrophthalmia, Ellen Grant, MD Extraocular Orbital Masses, Ellen Grant, MD SECTION 3 Suprahyoid & Infrahyoid Neck Introduction and Overview Congenital Lesions of the Neck, Jim Barkovich, MD Suprahyoid & Infrahyoid Neck Lingual Thyroid, Gilbert Vezina, MD Dermoid, and Epidermoid Oral Cavity, Gilbert Vezina, MD Reactive Nodes/Cervical Lymphadenitis, Bernadette L. Koch, MD SECTION 4 Multiple Regions, Head & Neck First Branchial Apparatus Anomalies, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Second Branchial Apparatus Anomalies, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Third Branchial Apparatus Anomalies, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Fourth Branchial Apparatus Anomalies, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Thyroglossal Duct Cyst, Jim Barkovich, MD Thymic Cyst, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Venolymphatic Malformations, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Infantile Hemangioma, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Neurofibromatosis Type 1, H&N, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Neurofibroma, Carotid Space, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Brachial Plexus Schwannoma, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Fibromatosis Colli, Jim Barkovich, MD Rhabdomyosarcoma, Bernadette L. Koch, MD Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumors, Charles Raybaud, MD Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Orbit, Ellen Grant, MD PART III SPINE Spine & Spinal Cord Development, Jim Barkovich, MD SECTION 1 Craniocervical Junction Chiari I Malformation, Kevin R. Moore, MD Chiari II Malformation, Kevin R. Moore, MD Chiari III Malformation, Kevin R. Moore, MD Craniovertebral Junction Variants, Kevin R. Moore, MD SECTION 2 Vertebra Posterior Element Incomplete Fusion, Kevin R. Moore, MD Failure Of Vertebral Formation, Kevin R. Moore, MD Partial Vertebral Duplication, Kevin R. Moore, MD Vertebral Segmentation Failure, Kevin R. Moore, MD Klippel-Feil Spectrum, Kevin R. Moore, MD Congenital Spinal Stenosis, Kevin R. Moore, MD Scoliosis, Kevin R. Moore, MD Congenital Scoliosis And Kyphosis, Kevin R. Moore, MD Schmorl Node, Kevin R. Moore, MD Scheuermann Disease, Kevin R. Moore, MD Achondroplasia, Kevin R. Moore, MD Mucopolysaccharidoses, Spine, Kevin R. Moore, MD Sickle Cell Disease, Spine. Kevin R. Moore, MD Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Kevin R. Moore, MD Apophyseal Ring Fracture, Gilbert Vezina, MD Spondylolisthesis, Gilbert Vezina, MD Spondylolysis, Gilbert Vezina, MD Pyogenic Osteomyelitis, Gilbert Vezina, MD Osteoid Osteoma, Jim Barkovich, MD Osteoblastoma, Gilbert Vezina, MD Aneurysmal Bone Cyst, Gilbert Vezina, MD Osteochondroma, Kevin R. Moore, MD Osteosarcoma, Jim Barkovich, MD Chordoma, Kevin R. Moore, MD Ewing Sarcoma, Gilbert Vezina, MD Kyphosis, Kevin R. Moore, MD SECTION 3 Extradural Space Occult Intrasacral Meningocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Sacrococcygeal Teratoma, Kevin R. Moore, MD Epidural Lipomatosis, Jim Barkovich, MD Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Spine, Anna Illner, MD Extramedullary Hematopoiesis, Spine, Ellen Grant, MD SECTION 4 Intradural Extramedullary Space Spinal Lipoma, Kevin R. Moore, MD Conjoined Nerve Roots, Kevin R. Moore, MD Filum Terminale Fibrolipoma, Jim Barkovich, MD Angiolipoma, Ellen Grant, MD SECTION 5 Intramedullary Space Ventriculus Terminalis, Kevin R. Moore, MD Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Charles Raybaud, MD ADEM, Spinal Cord, Ellen Grant, MD Idiopathic Acute Transverse Myelitis, Ellen Grant, MD Astrocytoma, Spinal Cord, Charles Raybaud, MD Ependymoma, Cellular, Spinal Cord, Charles Raybaud, MD Syringomyelia, Kevin R. Moore, MD Type II AVM, Charles Raybaud, MD SECTION 6 Multiple Regions, Spine Myelomeningocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Lipomyelomeningocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Dorsal Dermal Sinus, Kevin R. Moore, MD Dermoid And Epidermoid Tumors, Jim Barkovich, MD Cervical Myelocystocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis, Jim Barkovich, MD Caudal Regression Syndrome, Kevin R. Moore, MD Tethered Spinal Cord, Kevin R. Moore, MD Terminal Myelocystocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Anterior Sacral Meningocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Diastematomyelia, Kevin R. Moore, MD Neurenteric Cyst, Spinal, Kevin R. Moore, MD Lateral Meningocele, Kevin R. Moore, MD Dorsal Spinal Meningocele, Charles Raybaud, MD Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Spine, Gilbert Vezina, MD Neurofibromatosis Type 2, Spine, Ellen Grant, MD Dural Dysplasia, Kevin R. Moore, MD Leukemia, Spine, Kevin R. Moore, MD Neuroblastic Tumor, Kevin R. Moore, MD Hardware Failure, Kevin R. Moore, MD