Congestive Heart Failure

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE: Epidemiology of Heart Failure / Cellular and Molecular Abnormalities in Cardiac Myocytes / Progression from Cardiac Hypertrophy to Heart Failure / Cytoskeletal Abnormalities in Myocytes During Heart Failure / Abnormalities in Calcium Cycling in Heart Failure / Abnormalities in Cardiac Contraction: Systolic Dysfunction / Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction / Cellular, Molecular, and Structural Changes During Cardiac Remodeling / Remodeling of the Cardiac Interstitium in Heart Failure / Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System / Sympathetic Nervous System in Heart Failure / Other Neurohormonal Systems / Cytokine Activity in Heart Failure / The Peripheral Circulation in Heart Failure / The Kidney in Heart Failure DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: Risk Factors For Developing Heart Failure / Heart Failure Secondary to Coronary Artery Disease / The Cardiomyopathic and Inflammatory Diseases / Heart Failure as a Consequence of Valvular Heart Disease / Heart Failure Secondary to Congenital Heart Disease / Right Heart Failure / Heart Failure in Cardiac Tamponade, Constrictive Pericarditis and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY OF HEART FAILURE: Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Heart Failure / Traditional Diuretics and Other Diuresing Agents / Digitalis Glycosides / Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System / Non-ACE Inhibitor Vasodilators / Beta-Blocker Therapy of Heart Failure / Inotropic Agents CLINICAL APPROACH TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEART FAILURE: Primary Prevention of Heart Failure / Physical Examination in Heart Failure / Natriuretic Peptides as Bio-Markers to Detect, Risk Stratify and Manage Patients with Heart Failure / The Non-invasive Diagnostic Assessment of Patients with CHF / Catheter-Based Assessment and Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure / Management of Acute and Decompensated Heart Failure / Integrating Pharmacologic Therapy in Chronic CHF / Biventricular Pacing in Congestive Heart Failure / Developing an Outpatient Heart Failure Clinic / Exercise and Rehabilitation in Congestive Heart Failure / Impact and Treatment of Comorbidities in Heart Failure / Management of Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure / Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death / Theory and Rationale for the Use of Anticoagulants in Heart Failure / Ultrafiltration for Congestive Heart Failure / Surgical Approaches to Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure / Use of Mechanical Devices in Treating Heart Failure / Cardiac Transplantation / Strategies for Gene and Cell Therapy in Heart Failure / End of Life Decisions / What Does the Future Hold?