Food & Addiction

Dr. Ashley Gearhardt is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Michigan. Kelly Brownell is Robert L. Flowers Professor of Public Policy, Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Director Emeritus of the World Food Policy Center, and Dean Emeritus of the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University. Mark Gold is an inventor, pioneering translational researcher, Eminent Scholar, Distinguished Professor, and Chairman whose career in translational neuroscience began in 1972. Marc Potenza is a board-certified psychiatrist with sub-specialty training in addiction psychiatry. He is a Professor of Psychiatry, Child Study and Neuroscience at the Yale University School of Medicine where he is the Director of the Division on Addictions Research, Women and Addictive Disorders Core of Women's Health Research at Yale and Yale Research Program on Impulsivity.

Introductory Chapter
Ashley N. Gearhardt, Ph.D., Kelly D. Brownell, Ph.D., Mark S. Gold, M.D., & Marc N. Potenza, M.D., Ph.D.
University of Michigan, Duke University, Washington University in St. Louis, and Yale University

PART ONE: RESEARCH ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTORS TO FOOD AND ADDICTION

1. Assessment of Food Addiction: A DSM 5 Update
Ashley N. Gearhardt, Ph.D., & Lucy K. Loch, B.A.
University of Michigan & Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

2. Food Addiction in Children and Adolescents
Tracy L. Burrows, Ph.D., Janelle A. Skinner, Ph.D., & Hiba Jebeile, Ph.D.
University of Newcastle & The University of Sydney

3. Food Addiction, Dietary Patterns, and Obesity
Tracy L. Burrows, Ph.D., Megan C. Whatnall, Ph.D., & Kirrilly M. Pursey, Ph.D.
University of Newcastle

4. Sex Differences in the Risk for Substance-Use Disorders and Compulsive Overeating
Caroline A. Davis, Ph.D., & Revi Bonder, MSc.
York University

5. Food Craving in Food addiction
Adrian Meule, Ph.D.
Ludwig-Maximillians-University of Munich

6. Impulsivity and Food Addiction
Meenu Minhas, Ph.D., Cara Murphy, Ph.D., Marie Gendy, M.D., Ph.D., & James MacKillop, Ph.D.
McMaster University & Brown University

7. Trauma and Food Addiction
Susan M. Mason, Ph.D., & Rebecca Emery Ph.D.
University of Minnesota

8. Food Addiction Comorbidity
Timothy D. Brewerton, M.D.
Medical University of South Carolina

9. Sleep Dysfunction, Night Eating, and Food Addiction
Laurence J. Nolan Ph.D., & Allan Geliebter, Ph.D.
Wagner College & Columbia University & Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

10. Stress, Sugar, and Metabolism: Relevance to Food Addiction
Candice Price, Ph.D., & Elissa S. Epel, Ph.D.
University of California, Davis & University of California, San Francisco

11. Bingeing, Tolerance and Withdrawal: What Have We Learned From Models of Food Addiction
Katie Bishop, M.S., RD, Nicole M. Avena, Ph.D., & Ashley N. Gearhardt, Ph.D.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Princeton University, and University of Michigan

12. Food Addiction in Anorexia Nervosa
Iceta Sylvain, M.D., Ph.D., & Catherine Bégin, Ph.D.
Universite Laval

13. Dietary Restraint and Food Addiction
David Wiss, Ph.D., M.S., R.D.N., & A. Janet Tomiyama, Ph.D .
UCLA Fielding School of Public Health- Department of Community Health Sciences & University of California, Los Angeles

14. Co-morbidity of Food Addiction and Behavioral Addictions
Ignacio Lucas, Ph.D., Giulia Testa, Ph.D., Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Ph.D., & Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Ph.D.
University Hospital Bellvitge

15. Interactions between Alcohol Consumption, Eating, and Weight
Jenna R. Cummings, Ph.D.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

PART TWO: RESEARCH ON BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTORS TO FOOD AND ADDICTION

16. Dopamine Magnitude and Timing in Food Reward
Alexandra G. DiFeliceantonio, Ph.D.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

17. Endocannabinoid Signaling and Food Addiction
Anahita Bassir Nia, M.D., & Deepak Cyril Dsouza, MBBS, M.D.
Yale University

18. Orexins in Food and Addiction
Morgan H. James, Ph.D., & Gary Aston-Jones, Ph.D.
Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University

19. An Investigation of Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions in Food Addiction and Obesity
Riya Sood, Soumya Ravichandran, BSc & Arpana Gupta, Ph.D.
University of California, Los Angeles

20. Food reinforcement architecture: profiles for impulsive and compulsive overeating and food abuse
Kyle S. Burger, Ph.D. & Afroditi Papantoni, B.S.
University of North Carolina

21. Epigenetics of Addiction and Eating Disorders
Samer El Hayek, M.D., Mario Eid, M.D., Michele Cherro, M.D., Mark S. Gold, M.D., Maya Bizri, M.D., MPH & Firas H. Kobeissy, Ph.D.
University of Miami, Lebanese University, American University of Beirut, Washington University, & University of Florida

22. Hormones, Hunger, and Food and Addiction
Guang Sun, M.D., & Pardis Pedram, M.D., Ph.D.
Memorial University of Newfoundland & University of Calgary

23. Negative Emotional Side of Food Addiction: Negative Affect and Urgency
Eric P. Zorrilla, Ph.D., & George F. Koob, Ph.D.
Scripps Research Institute & National Institute on Drug Abuse

24. Biological Contributions of Stress as a Common Factor across Overeating and Substance Use Disorders
Rajita Sinha, Ph.D.
Yale University

25. Prenatal Contributions to the Development of Food Addiction
Alberto Camacho Morales, Ph.D.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

26. Pubertal Development and the Development of Dysregulated Eating
Megan E. Mikhail, M.A, Carolina Anaya, B.A., Kristen M. Culbert, Ph.D., Cheryl L. Sisk, Ph.D., Alexander Johnson, Ph.D., & Kelly L. Klump, Ph.D.
Michigan State University & Wayne State University School of Medicine

27. The Neuroscience of Food 'Wanting' and 'Liking'
Shelley Warlow, Ph.D.
University of California, San Diego

28. Sign Tracking to Food and Drug Cues: A Potential Marker of Risk for the Development of Addiction?
Sara R. Westbrook, Ph.D., & Shelly B. Flagel, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

29. Neurobiology of Binge-Eating Disorder and Implications for Food Addiction
Elina A. Stefanovics, Ph.D., & Marc N. Potenza M.D., Ph.D.
Yale University

30. Hippocampal-dependent Memory Impairment and the Western Diet: Implications for the Regulation and Dysregulation of Food and Drug Intake
Terry L. Davidson, Ph.D., & Anthony L. Riley, Ph.D.
American University

PART III: FOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND ADDICTIVE EATING

31. What Foods May be Addictive?
Erica M. Schulte, Ph.D., Kelly C. Allison, Ph.D., & Evan M. Forman, Ph.D.
Drexel University & Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

32. Ultraprocessed Foods and Food Addiction
Carlos A. Monteiro, Ph.D., & Geoffrey Cannon, M.A.
University of Sao Paulo

33. Sugar Addiction in Animal Models
Julia Simkus, B.A. & Nicole M. Avena, Ph.D.
Princeton University & Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

34. Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Animal Models
Jeffrey W. Grimm, Ph.D.
Western Washington University

35. Glycemic Load and Food Addiction
Belinda Lennerz, M.D., Ph.D.
Harvard Medical School

36. Fructose, Fatty Liver, and Addiction
Robert H. Lustig, M.D., MSL
University of California, San Francisco

37. Sugar-sweetened Beverages and Caffeine: The Role of Addiction
Desiree M. Sigala, Ph.D., & Jennifer Falbe, Ph.D.
University of California, Davis

38. Savor the Flavor: Diet, Taste, and Nutrition
Monica Dus, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

39. Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Reward Mechanisms
Kathleen Page, M.D., M.S., & Alexandra G. Yunker, B.A.
University of Southern California & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

40. Industry Practices in the Development of Potentially Addictive Foods
Michael Moss
Author

PART IV: CLINICAL APPROACHES AND IMPLICATIONS

41. Food Addiction and Treatment of Eating Disorders
Lucero Munguía, Ph.D., Lucía Camacho-Barcia Ph.D., Susana Jimenez-Murcia, Ph.D., & Fernando Fernandez Aranda, Ph.D.
University Hospital of Bellvitge

42. Psychological, Behavioral, and Pharmacological Treatments for Binge-Eating Disorder: Implications of Addiction Perspectives
Ariana M. Chao, Ph.D., CRNP, & Carlos M. Grilo, Ph.D.
University of Pennsylvania & Yale University

43. Food Addiction and Obesity Treatment Outcomes
George Paslakis, M.D., Georg Halbeisen, Ph.D., Zaida Agüera, Ph.D., Susana Jimenez-Murcia, Ph.D., and Fernando Fernandez Aranda, Ph.D.
Ruhr-University Bochum, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Hospital of Bellvitge

44. Food Addiction and Bariatric Surgery
Kirstie M. Herb Neff, M.S., Kellsey N. Launius, B.S., & Karen K. Saules, Ph.D.
Eastern Michigan University

45. Psychosocial Interventions for Food Addiction
Stephanie E. Cassin, Ph.D., C.Psych, Vanessa Montemarano, M.A., & Vincent A. Santiago, M.A.
Ryerson University

46. Deep Brain Stimulation for Obesity: Targets and Mechanisms of Neuromodulation in Clinical Practice
Britanny H. Kim, B.A., Robert L. Seilheime, M.D., Ph.D., Casey H. Halpern, M.D.
University of Pennsylvania

47. Pharmacotherapy for Obesity that Target Addictive Mechanisms
Mohini Aras, M.D., Sarah R. Barenbaum, M.D., & Louis J. Aronne, M.D.
Cornell University

48. Pharmacotherapy for Addiction that Target Obesity Mechanisms
Areej Qadeer, B.A. & Christina Brezing, M.D.
Columbia University

49. Neurocircuitry Underlying the Addictive Dimension of Overeating and Obesity
Evan Dennis B.S., Allison Johnson B.S., Diana Sotelo B.S., Leah Vines B.S., Peter Manza Ph.D., Gene-Jack Wang, M.D., & Nora D. Volkow, M.D.
National Institute on Drug Abuse

50. Food And Addiction: A Personal Story
Anne Rosenberg RSW, CHF

PART V: PUBLIC HEALTH, LEGAL AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

51. What Lessons for Food Policy Can Be Learned from Tobacco Control?
Kenneth E. Warner, Ph.D.
University of Michigan

52. Food Marketing and Neural Mechanisms Implicated in Addiction
Sonja Yokum, Ph.D.
Oregon Research Institute

53. Is Food Marketing Feeding Americans' Sugar Habit? How Sugary Drinks Hook Children and Youth
Jennifer L. Harris, Ph.D., MBA, & Melissa Jensen, MSPH, Ph.D.
University of Connecticut

54. Implication of Food Addiction on Stigma
Rebecca M. Puhl, Ph.D.
University of Connecticut

55. Food Insecurity: An Emerging Risk Factor for Food Addiciton
Cindy W. Leung, Sc.D., MPH, & Julia A. Wolfson, Ph.D.
University of Michigan & Johns Hopkins University

56. Taxes and Warning Labels as Tools to Improve Dietary Quality
Anna H. Grummon, Ph.D., MSPH, & Christina A. Roberto, Ph.D.
Harvard University & University of Pennsylvania

57. Legal Implications of Food Addiction
Jennifer L. Pomeranz, J.D., M.P.H.
New York University

PART VI: CRITIQUES OF FOOD ADDICTION

58. Addictive-like Overeating and Undereating
Johannes Hebebrand, M.D., Ph.D., Gertraud Gradl-Dietsch, PD Dr. med, MME, & Jochen Antel, Ph.D.
University of Duisburg-Essen

59. Disordered Eating and the Brain: Can Food be Addictive?
Margaret L. Westwater, Ph.D., Hisham Ziauddeen, Ph.D., & Paul C. Fletcher, Ph.D.
University of Cambridge

PART VII: CONCLUDING COMMENTS

60. Food and Addiction: Scientific, Social, Legal, and Legislative Implications
Ashley N. Gearhardt, Ph.D., Kelly D. Brownell, Ph.D., Mark S. Gold, M.D., Marc N. Potenza, M.D., Ph.D.
University of Michigan, Duke University, Washington University in St. Louis, Yale University