Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease

Dean Andropoulos, M.D., M.H.C.M. is the Anesthesiologist-in-Chief and Chair, Texas Children's Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. He is also the editor of Gregory's Pediatric Anesthesia, 6th Edition, and his research interests include neurological monitoring and outcomes of cardiac and non-cardiac surgery and anesthesia.

Emad Mossad, M.D. serves as the Director of the Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesiology at Texas Children's Hospital and Professor of Anesthesiology at Baylor College of Medicine since 2008. Prior to joining Texas Children's Hospital, he served as Section Head for Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio from 1997-2008. He also served as a founding member and President of the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society from 2014-2016.

Erin A. Gottlieb, M.D., M.H.C.M. serves as the Chief of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology at Dell Children's Medical Center and is Associate Professor of Surgery and Perioperative Care at the University of Texas Dell Medical School at Austin, Texas. Her research interests include bleeding and coagulation in congenital heart surgery, neurological outcomes, and multidisciplinary collaboration and communication in pediatric cardiac disease.

List of Contributors

Preface

List of Abbreviations

About the Companion Website



Part I History, Education, Outcomes, and Science

1 History of Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease

Katherine L. Zaleski and Viviane G. Nasr

2 Education for Anesthesia in Patients with Congenital Cardiac Disease

Viviane G. Nasr and Nina Deutsch

3 Quality, Outcomes and Databases in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia

Lisa Caplan, Ehrenfried Schindler and David F. Vener

4 Multidisciplinary Collaboration, Team Functioning and Communication in Congenital Cardiac Care

Dean B. Andropoulos

5 Informatics and Artificial Intelligence in Congenital Heart Disease

Eric L. Vu, Craig G. Rusin and Kenneth M. Brady

6 Development of the Cardiovascular System

Barry D. Kussman, Amy E. Roberts and Wanda C. Miller-Hance

7 Nomenclature and Anatomic Evaluation in Congenital Heart Disease

Wanda C. Miller-Hance and Barry D. Kussman

8 Genetic Syndromes

Andrew Matisoff, Erin Gottlieb and Dean Andropoulos

9 Physiology and Cellular Biology of the Developing Circulation

Dean B. Andropoulos, Koichi Yuki and Sophia Koutsogiannaki

10 Anesthetic Agents and Their Cardiovascular Effects

Chinedu G. Otu, Dean B. Andropoulos and Emad B. Mossad

11 Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Ralph Gertler, Dean B. Andropoulos and Ashraf Resheidat

12 Multiorgan Effects of Congenital Cardiac Surgery

Gina Whitney, Nicholas Houska, Megan Albertz, Brian Donahue and Suanne Daves

Part II Monitoring

13 Vascular access and monitoring

Kenji Kayashima, Shoichi Uezono, Maricarmen Roche Rodriguez, Koichi Yuki and Dean B. Andropoulos

14 Neurological Monitoring and Outcome

Ken Brady, Chandra Ramamoorthy, R. Blaine Easley and Dean B. Andropoulos

15 Transesophageal and Epicardial Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease

Annette Vegas and Wanda C. Miller-Hance

16 Coagulation, Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Bleeding

Laura A. Downey and David Faraoni

17 Point of Care Ultrasound for Congenital Heart Disease Patients

Alan F. Riley, Kriti Puri and Adam C. Adler

Part III Preoperative Considerations

18 Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation

Emad B. Mossad, Rahul Baijal and Rajesh Krishnamurthy

19 Approach to the Fetus, Premature and Full-Term Neonate

Lee P. Ferguson, Annette Y. Schure, Peter C Laussen and Kirsten C. Odegard

20 Anesthesia for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Jane Heggie, Catherine Ashes, Pablo Motta and Andrea Girnius

Part IV Management

21 Hemodynamic Management

Mirela Bojan and Philippe Pouard

22 Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Management

Santiago O. Valdes, Jeffrey J. Kim and Wanda C. Miller-Hance

23 Airway and Ventilatory Management

Loren D. Sacks, Gregory B. Hammer and Stephen A. Stayer

24 Early Tracheal Extubation, Enhanced Recovery After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Regional Anesthesia and Postoperative Pain Management

Alexander Mittnacht

25 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Patient with Congenital Heart Disease

Javier J. Lasa, Daniel Stromberg, Sai S. Raju and Timothy P. Welch

Part V Anesthesia for Specific Lesions

26 Anesthesia for Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions

Scott G. Walker

27 Anesthesia for Left-sided Obstructive Lesions

James P. Spaeth and Andreas W. Loepke

28 Anesthesia for Right-Sided Obstructive Lesions

Michael L. Schmitz, Destiny F. Chau, R. Ryan Das, Lorraine L. Thompson and Sana Ullah

29 Anesthesia for Transposition of the Great Arteries

Valentine Woodham, Mariepi Manolis, Lucy Hepburn and Angus McEwan

30 Anesthesia for the Patient with a Single Ventricle

Laura Diaz-Berenstain, Rania K. Abbasi, Lori Q. Riegger, James M. Steven, Susan C. Nicolson and Dean B. Andropoulos

31 Anesthesia for Miscellaneous Cardiac Lesions

Ian McKenzie, Maria Markakis Zestos, Stephen A. Stayer, Edward Kaminski, Paul Davies and Dean B. Andropoulos

32 Anesthesia for Cardiac and Pulmonary Transplantation

Glyn D. Williams, Chandra Ramamoorthy, Anshuman Sharma, Manchula Navratnam

33 Anesthesia for Pulmonary Hypertension

Mark D. Twite and Robert H. Friesen

Part VI Anesthesia Outside the Cardiac Operating Room

34 Anesthesia for the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Premal M. Trivedi, Philip Arnold, Aarti Shah and Athar M. Qureshi

35 Anesthesia for Non-cardiac Surgery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Andres Bacigalupo Landa, Anthony Zapata, Stephen A. Stayer and Erin A. Gottlieb

36 Cardiac Intensive Care

Gary Dhillon, Elizabeth Herrup, Paula Holinski, Peter C. Laussen, V. Ben Sivarajan, Stephen J. Roth and Justin C. Yeh

37 Mechanical Support

Adam Skinner, Stephen Horton, Pablo Motta , Stephen Stayer and Iki Adachi



Appendix: Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia Drug Sheet (May 2021)

Lisa A. Caplan and Erin A. Gottlieb



Index