Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Dr. (Prof) Madhu Sudan Agrawal is presently working as Director at Department of Urology, Center for Minimally-Invasive Endourology, Global Rainbow Healthcare, Agra, India.Dr. Dilip Mishra is currently working as a Consultant Urologist at the Department of Urology, Pushpanjali Hospital and Research Center, Agra, UP, India.Prof. Bhaskar Somani presently serves as a Professor and Consultant Urological Surgeon at the University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom.

Surgical anatomy of Kidney with respect to (mini-) PCNL.- History, Evolution & Classification of minimally-invasive PCNL.- Diagnostic Imaging for mini-PCNL.- ALARA: How to reduce radiation exposure.- Instrumentation for Mini-PCNL (Access sheaths, Endoscopes and Accessories) .- Fragmentation devices: Lithotripters, Lasers and other advances.- Anesthesia in Mini PCNL.- Positioning for MIP (Prone and Supine)Fluoroscopic-guided access.- Ultrasonography-guided access.- Newer advances in access (including Endoscopic-guided access).- Access in Supine position.- Simulation based training for Access Intarenal  pressure, fluid management & principle of 'whirlpool effect' in Mini-PCNL.- Tract dilation, Nephroscopy, Stone fragmentation and retrieval.- Exit strategy: Large tube, Small tube, Tubeless or Totally Tubeless?.- Ultra Mini PCNL.- Micro PCNL.- Super Perc.- Super Mini Perc.- Flexible Mini Nephroscopy.- Endoscopic Combined Intra-Renal Surgery (ECIRS).- Failed access and Secondary punctures.- Simultaneous Bilateral Mini PCNL.- Special situations: Stone with PUJO, Calyceal diverticulum.- Obese Patients and spinal deformities, Ectopic & Pelvic kidneys.- Horseshoe kidneys, Polycystic kidney, Post-transplant kidneysPediatric PCNL.- Outcomes of Mini-PCNL.- Complications in Mini PCNL.