Retinal vessel analysis - a new method of diagnostics and risk prediction (eBook)

1. Introduction (Henner Hanssen, Walthard Vilser) 11
1.1. Retinal vessel analysis and the microcirculation 11
1.2. Definition and significance of the retinal microcirculation 11
1.3. A short history of retinal vessel analysis 12
2. Methods of Retinal Vessel Analysis (Walthard Vilser) 17
2.1. Definition and classification of vessel analysis 17
2.2. Technical device and imaging technology 17
2.3. Measuring principle and database 18
2.4. Static retinal vessel analysis 19
2.5. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis 22
3. Retinal Vessel Analysis as an interdisciplinary tool in Ophthalmology and
Internal Medicine (Marcus Blum) 31
3.1. Introduction 31
3.2. Methods for Dynamic Vessel Analysis 31
3.2.1. Gas mixtures 31
3.2.2. Perfusion Pressure 31
3.2.3. Flicker Light Stimulation 32
3.3. Glaucoma 32
3.4. Diabetic Retinopathy 32
3.5. Effects of treatment 33
3.6. Conclusions 33
4. Retinal Vessel Analysis in Cardiovascular Prevention (Henner Hanssen) 35
4.1. Introduction: Why retinal vessel analysis? 35
4.2. The concept of vascular ageing and vascular biomarkers 35
4.3. Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention during lifespan 37
4.3.1. Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention in childhood 37
4.3.2. Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention in adulthood 38
4.3.3. Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention in the elderly 39
4.4. Retinal vessels and lifestyle 39
4.5. Retinal vessels, physical activity behaviour and fitness 39
4.6. Summary 41
5. Retinal Vessel Analysis in Heart Failure (Jens Barthelmes, Andreas J. Flam-
mer, Matthias P. Nägele, Isabella Sudano) 43
5.1. Introduction 43
5.2. The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure 43
5.3. Static retinal vessel analysis in chronic heart failure 44
5.4. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis in chronic heart failure 45
5.5. Conclusions 46
6. Retinal Vessel Analysis in Hypertension and Chronic Renal Failure
(Christoph Schmaderer) 49
6.1. Retinal vessels and hypertension 49
6.1.1. Static retinal vessel analysis 49
6.1.2. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis 51
6.2. Retinal vessel analysis and chronic renal failure 51
6.2.1. Static retinal vessel analysis 51
6.2.2. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis 52
7. Retinal Vessel Analysis in Pharmacotherapy (Gerhard Garhöfer,
Doreen Schmidl) 55
7.1. Provocation tests to assess vascular function 55
7.2. Pharmacological effects on the retinal microcirculation 56
7.2.1. Nitric oxide/endothelin system 56
7.2.2. Other drugs with potential effects on the retinal circulation 57
7.2.3. Diabetes 57
7.2.4. Systemic hypertension 58
8. Outlook on Clinical Application and Future Research (Henner Hanssen,
Walthard Vilser) 61
8.1. Summary and Future Research 61
8.2. Outlook on clinical application 61
Index 63