Retinal vessel analysis - a new method of diagnostics and risk prediction

1.Introduction (Henner Hanssen, Walthard Vilser)11
1.1.Retinal vessel analysis and the microcirculation11
1.2.Definition and significance of the retinal microcirculation11
1.3.A short history of retinal vessel analysis12
2.Methods of Retinal Vessel Analysis (Walthard Vilser)17
2.1.Definition and classification of vessel analysis17
2.2.Technical device and imaging technology17
2.3.Measuring principle and database18
2.4.Static retinal vessel analysis19
2.5.Dynamic retinal vessel analysis22
3.Retinal Vessel Analysis as an interdisciplinary tool in Ophthalmology and
Internal Medicine (Marcus Blum)31
3.1.Introduction31
3.2.Methods for Dynamic Vessel Analysis31
3.2.1.Gas mixtures31
3.2.2.Perfusion Pressure31
3.2.3.Flicker Light Stimulation32
3.3.Glaucoma32
3.4.Diabetic Retinopathy32
3.5.Effects of treatment33
3.6.Conclusions33
4.Retinal Vessel Analysis in Cardiovascular Prevention (Henner Hanssen)35
4.1.Introduction: Why retinal vessel analysis?35
4.2.The concept of vascular ageing and vascular biomarkers35
4.3.Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention during lifespan37
4.3.1.Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention in childhood37
4.3.2.Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention in adulthood38
4.3.3.Retinal vessels and cardiovascular prevention in the elderly39
4.4.Retinal vessels and lifestyle39
4.5.Retinal vessels, physical activity behaviour and fitness39
4.6.Summary41
5.Retinal Vessel Analysis in Heart Failure (Jens Barthelmes, Andreas J. Flam-
mer, Matthias P. Nägele, Isabella Sudano)43
5.1.Introduction43
5.2.The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure43
5.3.Static retinal vessel analysis in chronic heart failure44
5.4.Dynamic retinal vessel analysis in chronic heart failure45
5.5.Conclusions46
6.Retinal Vessel Analysis in Hypertension and Chronic Renal Failure
(Christoph Schmaderer)49
6.1.Retinal vessels and hypertension49
6.1.1.Static retinal vessel analysis49
6.1.2.Dynamic retinal vessel analysis51
6.2.Retinal vessel analysis and chronic renal failure51
6.2.1.Static retinal vessel analysis51
6.2.2.Dynamic retinal vessel analysis52
7.Retinal Vessel Analysis in Pharmacotherapy (Gerhard Garhöfer,
Doreen Schmidl)55
7.1.Provocation tests to assess vascular function55
7.2.Pharmacological effects on the retinal microcirculation56
7.2.1.Nitric oxide/endothelin system56
7.2.2.Other drugs with potential effects on the retinal circulation57
7.2.3.Diabetes57
7.2.4.Systemic hypertension58
8.Outlook on Clinical Application and Future Research (Henner Hanssen,
Walthard Vilser)61
8.1.Summary and Future Research61
8.2.Outlook on clinical application61
Index63