Principles of Ocular Imaging

Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA is an ophthalmologist and vitreoretinal specialist trained at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. He completed his undergraduate studies at Cornell University, and obtained his MD and MBA degrees from Dartmouth Medical School and the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, respectively. He has authored more than 50 peer-reviewed publications and textbook chapters, and has lectured extensively at national and international ophthalmological conferences. Dr. Gologorsky serves as the Chief of Ophthalmology at Broward Health Medical Center in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Dr. Gologorsky enjoys teaching and is an avid history aficionado, with special interests in classical Rome and World War II. He is an entrepreneurship enthusiast, especially in the biotech space. He resides in Miami Beach with his wife, an endocrinologist, and their family. Richard B. Rosen, MD is a vitreoretinal surgeon and medical retina consultant at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, where he serves as Deputy Chair of Clinical Affairs, Vice Chairman and Director of Ophthalmology Research, as well as Surgeon Director, System Chair of Retina and Retina Fellowship Director. Dr. Rosen holds the Belinda B. and Gerald G. Pierce Distinguished Chair of Ophthalmology and is Professor of Ophthalmology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. He is President of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary Ophthalmology Associates PC. He is also Honorary Professor in Applied Optics at the University of Kent in Canterbury, United Kingdom, where he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Medical Physics. He received his bachelor’s degree in psychology and anthropology at the University of Michigan and his MD from the University of Miami School of Medicine. He also did graduate work in psychophysics in the Laboratory of Neuro-magnetism at New York University, and worked for several years as a professional photographer in New York City, with an interest in ophthalmic/scientific photography. Dr. Rosen’s research interests include new treatments for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, innovations in diagnostic retinal imaging, and vitreoretinal surgical instrumentation. Dr. Rosen has authored two books, numerous book chapters, and more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He has served on the executive board of the American Society of Ocular Trauma, the editorial boards of Retinal Physician and Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, and multiple committees of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

CONTENTS Dedication About the Editors Contributing Authors Preface Foreword Introduction Section I Oculoplastics Section Editor: Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS Chapter 1 External Photography Alexandra E. Levitt, MD, MPH; Apostolos Anagnostopoulos, MD; and Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS Chapter 2 Ptosis Visual Fields Alexandra E. Levitt, MD, MPH; Apostolos Anagnostopoulos, MD; Ann Q. Tran, MD; and Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS Chapter 3 Slit Lamp Photography Ashwinee Ragam, MD Chapter 4 Orbital Ultrasonography Ying Chen, MD; Andrew J. Rong, MD; Amy Huang, BS; John Hinkle, MD; Nimesh Patel, MD; and Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS Section II Cornea and Refractive Section Editors: Ashwinee Ragam, MD and Oriel Spierer, MD Chapter 5 Corneal Topography Ashwinee Ragam, MD Chapter 6 Confocal Microscopy Ashwinee Ragam, MD Chapter 7 Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography C. Maxwell Medert, MD; Hasenin Al-khersan, MD; and Ann Q. Tran, MD Chapter 8 Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Ashwinee Ragam, MD Chapter 9 Biometry for Intraocular Lens Calculations Ashwinee Ragam, MD Section III Retina Section Editors: Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA and Richard B. Rosen, MD Chapter 10 Fundus Photography Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA Chapter 11 Fluorescein Angiography Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA Chapter 12 Indocyanine Green Angiography Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA Chapter 13 Fundus Autofluorescence Hasenin Al-khersan, MD and Ann Q. Tran, MD Chapter 14 Optical Coherence Tomography in Retina Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA Chapter 15 Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Chris Y. Wu, MD and Richard B. Rosen, MD Chapter 16 Adaptive Optics Chris Y. Wu, MD and Richard B. Rosen, MD Chapter 17 Microperimetry Hasenin Al-khersan, MD; Thomas Lazzarini, MD; and Ann Q. Tran, MD Chapter 18 Retinal Ultrasonography Daniel Gologorsky, MD, MBA and Yale Fisher, MD Chapter 19 Electrophysiology of Vision Alessandra Bertolucci, MD Section IV Glaucoma Section Editor: Stephen Moster, MD Chapter 20 Visual Fields in Glaucoma Stephen Moster, MD; Cindy X. Zheng, MD; and Michael M. Lin, MD Chapter 21 Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Michael M. Lin, MD; Cindy X. Zheng, MD; and Stephen Moster, MD Section V Neuro-Ophthalmology Section Editor: Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS Chapter 22 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Michelle W. Latting, MD; John W. Latting, MD; Sheikh Faheem, MD; and Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS Bibliography Financial Disclosures Index