Translational Acupuncture Research (eBook)

Preface 5
Acknowledgements 7
Contents 8
About the Editor 10
Introduction 12
Acupuncture: A Therapeutic Modality, But not a Placebo 13
1 Introduction 14
2 Acupuncture Treatment for Clinical Conditions in Which the Patients Were Without Consciousness 14
2.1 Treatment of Coma with Acupuncture 14
2.2 Treatment of Shock with Acupuncture 16
2.3 Treatment of Persistent Vegetative State by Acupuncture 18
2.4 Acupuncture Used Before or During Anesthesia 20
2.5 Acupuncture Started After General Anesthesia 27
2.6 Delayed Wake-Up After General Anesthesia 28
2.7 Anesthesia in Shock Patients 29
2.8 Dementia Treatment by Acupuncture 33
3 Different Healing Effect with Different Acupuncture Techniques 36
3.1 Different Acupuncture Points 36
3.2 Between Acupuncture Points and Non-points 39
3.3 Between Different Acupuncture Techniques 41
4 More Examples that Acupuncture is not a Placebo 43
4.1 Acupuncture in children 43
4.2 Acupuncture on Animals 44
5 Effect of Placebo Effect on Subjective or Objective Index of Healing Effect 49
5.1 Effect on Continuous Parameter and Binary Parameter 49
5.2 Effect on Physical Parameters and Biochemical Parameters 51
5.3 Cure or Not 52
5.4 Brain Imaging Study 54
5.5 Peripheral (Autonomic) Effects of Acupuncture Versus Control Acupuncture 55
6 Why People Say That Acupuncture has a Placebo Effect 56
6.1 Narrow Deference Between the Acupuncture and the Control Group 56
6.2 No Significant Difference Between Various Study Groups and Control Groups 59
6.3 Improper Way to Calculate Specific Healing Effect in Acupuncture 60
6.4 Improper Select of Acupuncture Points 60
6.5 Study on Non-dominated Disease for Acupuncture 61
6.6 Confusion in the Healing Effect of Various Other Therapies as that of Acupuncture 61
6.7 Superstitious Belief on Large Scale Experiments 63
6.8 Co-exit of Opposite Ways in Acupuncture Treatment 63
6.9 Not Care or Omit Large Amount of Positive Results 64
7 Conclusions and Perspectives 64
References 66
Acupuncture Styles in Current Practice 87
1 Classification of Acupuncture Styles 88
1.1 Meridian-Based Whole Body Acupuncture Group 88
1.2 Acupuncture Styles Only Partly Following Traditional Meridian 116
1.3 Local Acupuncture Style (????) 124
1.4 Local Acupuncture Styles for Local Diseases 158
2 Characteristics of Current Acupuncture Styles 160
2.1 Acupuncture Points to Be Stimulated 160
2.2 Diagnosis Directing the Selection of the Acupuncture Point 162
2.3 Steady Point Versus Dynamic Points 162
2.4 Accuracy of Acupuncture Points 163
2.5 Depth of Needle Insertion 163
2.6 Intensity of Treatment Stimulation 163
2.7 Healing Efficiency of Acupuncture Styles 164
2.8 Whole Body Acupuncture Versus Local Acupuncture 164
3 Acupuncture Research 165
4 Conclusion 167
References 168
Acupuncture Treatment for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 176
1 Introduction 177
2 Clinical Symptoms of CFS 178
2.1 Fatigue 178
2.2 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 179
3 Diagnosis of CFS 179
3.1 Diagnostic Criteria of US CDC in 1988 179
3.2 Diagnostic Criteria of US CDC in 1994 181
3.3 Diagnostic Criteria in Other Countries 182
3.4 Current Diagnostic Criteria 184
3.5 The Diagnosis Model of CFS 185
4 Epidemiology 186
5 Etiology and Pathogenesis 188
5.1 Stress Factors 188
5.2 Infection 189
5.3 Abnormities in the Immune System 189
5.4 Abnormalities in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems 189
5.5 Psychological and Social Factors 190
5.6 Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders 190
5.7 Heredity 191
5.8 Allergic Factors 191
5.9 Other Factors 191
6 CFS Treatment 191
6.1 Acupuncture Treatments 192
6.2 Moxibustion 199
6.3 Cupping 201
6.4 Comprehensive Acupuncture Therapies 201
6.5 Other Treatments 203
6.6 Rules of Meridians and Acupoints Using in Acupuncture Treatment for CFS 207
7 Mechanism of Acupuncture Treatment for CFS 212
7.1 Understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine 212
7.2 Experimental Research 215
8 Concluding Remarks 217
References 219
Acupuncture Cardiovascular Regulation: Translational, Clinical Studies and Underlying Mechanisms 227
1 Introduction 227
2 Clinical Application 231
2.1 Hypertension 231
2.2 Hypotension 233
2.3 Stroke 236
3 Mechanistic Research 236
3.1 Hypertension 236
3.2 Hypotension 238
3.3 Arrhythmias and Myocardial Ischemia/Infarction 239
3.4 Stroke 241
4 Conclusion and Perspectives 242
References 242
Electroacupuncture Inhibition of Hypertension is Slow Onset and Long-Lasting 250
1 Introduction 251
2 Clinical Application 251
2.1 EA at Select Acupoints Reduces High Blood Pressure 251
2.2 Slow Onset and Long-Lasting EA Effect 252
3 Mechanistic Research 252
3.1 Mechanism of the Long-Lasting Inhibition of EA in Animal Experiments 252
3.2 Humoral Factors in EA Inhibition of HTN 253
3.3 CCK8 in Non-responders 254
4 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives 254
References 255
Acupuncture Treatment for Pain: Clinical and Laboratory Research 258
1 Introduction 260
2 Clinical Research on Acupuncture Analgesia 261
2.1 Clinical Evaluation Index of Acupuncture Analgesia 261
2.2 Clinical Observations on Acupuncture Analgesia 263
3 Laboratory Research on Acupuncture Analgesia: Animal Models 276
3.1 Models of Neuropathic Pain 277
3.2 Inflammatory Pain Models 280
3.3 Cancer Pain Models 281
3.4 Visceral Pain Models 282
4 Mechanistic Research on Acupuncture Analgesia 283
4.1 The Role of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Acupuncture Analgesia 283
4.2 Key Regions of the Central Nervous System Associated with Acupuncture Analgesia 286
4.3 Neurotransmitters Involved in Acupuncture Analgesia 290
5 Conclusion and Perspectives 298
References 298
Effect of Acupuncture on Parkinson’s Disease 317
1 Introduction 317
2 Parkinson’s Disease: A View of Traditional Chinese Medicine 318
3 Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture in Treating PD 319
3.1 Retrieval Strategy and Selection Criteria 320
3.2 Study Screening, Quality Evaluation and Data Extraction 321
3.3 Methods of Data Analysis 321
3.4 Results of Meta Analysis 321
3.5 Comments 326
4 Main Influence of Acupuncture on Parkinson’s Disease 327
4.1 Improvement of Life Quality of PD Patients 327
4.2 Relief of Movement Dysfunction 328
4.3 Effect of Acupuncture on Imaging of PD Patients 328
4.4 Effect of Acupuncture on Electroencephalogram in PD Patients 329
5 Possible Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating PD 329
5.1 Promoting the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells 330
5.2 Promoting Synaptic Plasticity in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta 330
5.3 Regulating the Neurotransmitter Level in Basal Ganglia 331
5.4 Regulating the Neurotrophic Factor in the Substantia Nigra 331
5.5 Activating ?-Opioid Receptor 332
5.6 Regulating Oxidative Stress 332
5.7 Improving Mitochondrial Dysfunction 333
5.8 Regulating Abnormal Calcium Homeostasis 333
5.9 Increasing the Activity of Ubiquitin–Proteasome 334
5.10 Regulating the Immune System of the Body 335
5.11 Regulating Brain Metabolism 335
5.12 Activating Brain-Related Motor Areas 336
6 Conclusions and Perspectives 336
References 337
Aung Vital Energetic Alignment: The Answer to Post-concussion Syndrome and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 343
1 Introduction 344
2 Human Energetic Components in TCM 345
2.1 Qi, Fluids, and Meridians 345
2.2 The Chakra System 349
3 Etiology and Pathogenesis 352
3.1 Externals: Environmental and Traumatic 353
3.2 Internal Trauma 354
3.3 Subconscious Trauma 354
3.4 Spiritual Trauma 355
4 Aung PCS and PTSD Alignment Therapy: A Brief History 355
5 Indications of Malalignment in PCS and PTSD Patients 357
5.1 Symptoms of Malalignment 357
6 Management Techniques for Treating PCS and PTSD: Aung PCS and PTSD Vital Alignment Acupuncture 358
6.1 APVA Procedures 358
6.2 Opening the Spiritual Gates 359
6.3 Clinical Protocol 360
6.4 Positive Effects of Chakra Manipulation 367
6.5 Pearls Within Pearls 367
6.6 Case Examples 368
7 Management Techniques for Treating PCS and PTSD: Medical Qi Gong Exercises and Environmental Assistance 370
7.1 Tree Hugging Procedures 371
7.2 Group and Family Tree Hugging Assemblage 374
7.3 Intimation of Tree Hugging 376
8 Management Techniques for Treating PCS: Acupressure Therapy (Neo-Natal and Pediatric) 377
9 Pearls from Dr. Aung—Conclusion 378
References 380
Acupuncture in Oncology 381
1 Introduction 382
2 Clinical Application 384
2.1 Contra-Indications and Cautions When Needling a Cancer Patient 384
3 The Use of Acupuncture in Specific Side Effects of Usual Cancer Care 386
4 Probable Mechanisms of Action—Nausea and Vomiting 389
5 Probable Mechanisms of Action—Hot Flashes 395
6 Probable Mechanisms of Action—Aromatase-Inhibitor Arthralgia 399
7 Probable Mechanisms of Action—Fatigue 402
8 Probable Mechanisms of Action—Xerostomia 405
9 Probable Mechanisms of Action—Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) 409
10 Concluding Remarks 410
References 410
Electrotherapy-An Old Technique for a New Use 414
1 History 414
1.1 The Evolution of Electricity for Medical Treatment 414
1.2 The Progression of Electroanesthesia to Electroanalgesia 415
2 History of Electroacupuncture 416
2.1 The Development of Electroacupuncture 416
2.2 The Scientific Evidence of Analgesia Produced by Electroacupuncture 416
3 The Electroacupuncture for Clinical Conditions 418
3.1 The Correlations Between Ischemia, Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injury, Opioids and EA 418
3.2 The Development of Electroacupuncture in Cardioprotection 419
3.3 The Role of Electroacupuncture in Neuroprotection 420
4 Summary 423
References 423
Factors Influencing Acupuncture Research 427
1 Introduction 427
2 Method of Acupuncture 428
2.1 What Is Acupuncture? 428
2.2 Different Acupuncture Systems 429
2.3 Selection of Acupuncture Points 430
2.4 Specificity and Universality of Acupuncture Point 431
2.5 Acupuncture Sensation 432
2.6 Along-Meridian Acupuncture Sensation 433
2.7 Proper Selection of Acupuncture Points 435
2.8 Size of Acupuncture Point 437
2.9 Nourishing or Depleting Technique of Acupuncture Manipulation 438
2.10 Depth of Acupuncture Needle Under Skin 439
2.11 Length of Acupuncture Treatment for Each Session 439
2.12 Retention Time 441
2.13 Intensity of Acupuncture Stimulation 442
2.14 Frequency of Acupuncture Treatment 449
2.15 Proper Time to Start Acupuncture Treatment 457
2.16 Evaluation of Long Term Healing Effect 459
2.17 Complementary Treatment 460
2.18 Suitable and Non-suitable Diseases for Acupuncture Treatment 461
3 Sham Acupuncture Group 462
4 The Ability of an Acupuncturist 464
5 Suggestions for Acupuncture Studies 467
5.1 Wash-Out Phase 468
5.2 No-Treatment Group 468
5.3 Sham Group 468
5.4 Acupuncture Group 469
6 Conclusions and Perspectives 470
References 470
Index 490