Breathborne Biomarkers and the Human Volatilome

Jonathan Beauchamp is manager of the Emissions Analytics and Diagnostics group at the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV in Freising, Germany. He has been involved in academic and industrial breath research for the past 15 years and is currently principal investigator in several breath-related projects. He is an active member and current treasurer of the International Association of Breath Research (IABR). Cristina Davis is chair and professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California Davis, United States. Her research focuses on development of novel chemical and biological sensor systems and biomarker identification in agriculture and human/animal health monitoring. She has 12 issued patents and has coauthored over 100 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. She is current chair-elect of IABR. Joachim Pleil is adjunct professor at the University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, United States. He has published over 150 journal articles, many involving breath biomarker research and statistical interpretation of breath-based data. He has retired from US Environmental Protection Agency after 32 years as a research scientist. He is currently a consultant for NASA on a pilot breathing assessment project and is a founding member of IABR.

Foreword
Dedication
Preface

PART A: Concepts and modeling 1. Breath biomakers and the exposome 2. Breath sampling and standardization 3. Physiological modeling of exhaled compounds 4. Exhaled nitric oxide physiology and modeling

PART B: Inorganics and non-volatiles 5. Exhaled nitric oxide in clinical practice 6. Exhaled carbon monoxide 7. Exhaled breath condensate and aerosol 8. Exhaled particles

PART C: Analytics 9. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry 10. Proton transfer reaction—mass spectrometry 11. Ion mobility spectrometry 12. Secondary electrospray ionization 13. Sensor systems 14. Optical spectroscopy 15. Comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 16. High-resolution mass spectrometry

PART D: Breath tests 17. 13C breath tests 18. Breath monitoring in the intensive care unit 19. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smokers 20. Clinical phenotyping 21.  Breath analysis for respiratory infections 22. Volatile biomarkers of malaria infection 23. Lifestyle applications

PART E: Beyond human breath 24. Biomarkers in urine and stool 25. Volatile emissions from skin 26. Cell cultures as in vitro models for breath research 27. Ruminants 28. Breath analysis in marine mammals

PART F: Field applications 29.  Breath analysis in law enforcement 30. Drugs in breath 31. Urban search and rescue 32. Breath analysis in occupational medicine 33. Breath biomarkers in human xenobiotic exposure studies 34. Canine olfaction

PART G: Design and interpretation 35. Clinical study design 36. Challenges in clinical breath research development 37. Mathematical interpretation of targeted volatilome data 38. Preprocessing and analysis of volatilome data 39. Applications of the US EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard to support mass spectrometry and breath research