Adult-Gerontology Practice Guidelines (eBook)

Contents

Contributors

Acknowledgments

I. GUIDELINES

1. Normal Physiological Changes in the Aging Adult

Brain/Nervous System/Cognition

Breasts

Ears/Hearing

Eyes/Vision

Hair

Heart/Blood Circulation

Immune System

Kidneys

Lungs

Metabolism

Musculoskeletal

Oropharyngeal and Gastrointestinal

Sexual Function

Skin

Sleep

Smell

Taste

Bibliography

2. Healthy Living for the Adult-Geriatric Patient

Health Maintenance During the Life Span

Adult Risk Assessment Form

Adult Preventive Healthcare

Adult/Geriatric Screening Recommendations

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Bone Mass Density Measurement for Osteoporosis

Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Screening (Cardiac Calcium Score)

Colorectal Screening

Dental Care

Depression Screening

Diabetes Screening

Hepatitis C Screening

HIV Screening

Immunizations

Mammography

Pap Smear/Pelvic Examination

Prostate Cancer Screening

Sexually Transmitted Infections Screening

Vision Screens

Pretravel Health Screenings

Bibliography

3. Adult-Geriatric Assessments

Adult Risk Assessment

Functional Capacity and Disability

Environmental Assessment

Cultural Diversity and Sensitivity

Exercise

Bibliography

4. Caregiver and End-of-Life Issues

Caregiver Support Issues

Formal and Informal Caregivers

Informal Caregiver Demographics

Care Recipient Demographics

Informal Caregiver Concerns

Providers’ Assistance With the Caregiver

Caregiver Resources

Advance Directives

Palliative Care

Special Considerations–Hospice Care

Key Factors of Care in the Elderly Patient at the End of Life

Physical Aspects of Care

Symptom Management

Social Aspects of Care

Spiritual, Religious, Cultural, and Existential Aspects

Ethics

Bibliography

5. Geriatric Syndromes and Frailty

Introduction

Incontinence

Falls

Delirium/Altered Mental Status (AMS)

Weight Loss/Appetite Suppression

Depression

Pain

Dementia

Impaired ADL/IADL

Conclusion

Bibliography

6. Pain Management Guidelines

Acute Pain

Chronic Pain

Pain Assessment and Management in the Aging Population

Low Back Pain

Bibliography

7. Dermatology Guidelines

Acne Rosacea

Acne Vulgaris

Atopic Dermatitis

Benign Skin Lesions

Bites

Bullous Pemphigoid

Candidiasis

Cellulitis and Abscess

Contact Dermatitis

Erythema Multiforme

Folliculitis

HSV Type 1

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Lice (Pediculosis)

Lichen Planus

Pityriasis Rosea

Precancerous or Cancerous Skin Lesions

Psoriasis

Scabies

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Tinea

Tinea Versicolor

Warts

Wound Care: Lower Extremity Ulcer

Wound Care: Pressure Injuries/Ulcers

Wounds of the Skin

Wound Healing: High-Protein Nutrition

Xerosis (Winter Itch)

Bibliography

8. Eye Guidelines

Blepharitis

Cataracts

Chalazion

Conjunctivitis

Corneal Abrasion

Dacryocystitis

Dry Eyes

Excessive Tears

Eye Pain

Glaucoma, Acute Angle Closure

Hordeolum (Stye)

Macular Degeneration

Refractive Disorders

Retinopathy

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Uveitis

Bibliography

9. Ear Guidelines

Acute Otitis Media

Cerumen Impaction (Earwax)

Hearing Loss

Otitis Externa

Otitis Media With Effusion

Presbycusis

Tinnitus

Bibliography

10. Nasal Guidelines

Allergic Rhinitis

Epistaxis

Nonallergic Rhinitis

Sinusitis

Bibliography

11. Throat and Mouth Guidelines

Dental Abscess

Dysphagia

Epiglottitis

Oral Cancer, Leukoplakia

Pharyngitis

Stomatitis, Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Thrush

Bibliography

12. Respiratory Guidelines

Asthma

Bronchitis, Acute

Bronchitis, Chronic

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Infection

Cough

Dyspnea

Emphysema

Influenza (Flu)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Pneumonia (Bacterial)

Pneumonia (Viral)

Tuberculosis

Bibliography

13. Cardiovascular Guidelines

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Arrhythmias

Atherosclerosis and Hyperlipidemia

Atrial Fibrillation

Carotid Artery Stenosis

Chest Pain

Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Heart Failure

Hypertension

Lymphedema

Murmurs

Palpitations

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

Syncope

Bibliography

14. Gastrointestinal Guidelines

Abdominal Pain

Appendicitis

Bowel Obstruction

Celiac Disease

Cholecystitis

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Constipation

Crohn’s Disease

Cyclosporiasis

Diarrhea

Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis

Elevated Liver Enzymes

Fecal Incontinence

Gastroenteritis, Bacterial and Viral

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Dyspepsia (GERD)

Giardiasis Intestinalis

Hemorrhoids

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hernias, Abdominal

Hernias, Pelvic

Hiatal Hernia

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Jaundice

Malabsorption

Nausea and Vomiting

Pancreatitis

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Post–Bariatric Surgery Long-Term Follow-Up

Ulcerative Colitis

Bibliography

15. Genitourinary Guidelines

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Chronic Kidney Disease

Epididymitis

Hematuria

Interstitial Cystitis

Nocturia

Prostatitis

Proteinuria

Pyelonephritis

Renal Calculi, or Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)

Sexual Dysfunction, Male—Erectile Dysfunction

Sexual Dysfunction, Male—Premature Ejaculation

Testicular Torsion

Urinary Incontinence

Urinary Retention

Urinary Tract Infection (Acute Cystitis)

Varicocele

Bibliography

16. Obstetrics Guidelines

Preconception Counseling: Identifying Patients at Risk

Prenatal Care: Initial Prenatal Visit

Prenatal Care: First Trimester Overview

Prenatal Care: Second Trimester Overview

Prenatal Care: Third Trimester Overview

Postpartum Overview

Anemia, Iron Deficiency

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Preeclampsia (PIH)

Preterm Labor

Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy

Vaginal Bleeding: First Trimester

Vaginal Bleeding: Second and Third Trimesters

Postpartum Breast Engorgement

Endometritis

Mastitis

Postpartum Depression

Secondary Postpartum Hemorrhage

Wound Infection

Postpartum Exam

Bibliography

17. Gynecologic Guidelines

Amenorrhea

Bacterial Vaginosis (Gardnerella)

Bartholin’s Cyst or Abscess

Breast Pain

Cervicitis

Contraception

Dysmenorrhea

Dyspareunia

Emergency Contraception

Endometriosis

Female Sexual Dysfunction

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

Infertility

Menopause

Pap Smear Screening Guidelines and Interpretation

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic Organ Prolapse

PMS and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Preventive Care for Adult Survivors of Sexual Violence

Sexual Health Issues in the Aging Population

Sexuality and Chronic Health Conditions

Sexuality and End of Life

Sexuality and Physical Disabilities

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Bibliography

18. Sexually Transmitted Infections Guidelines

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Herpes Simplex Virus—Genital Herpes

Human Papillomavirus

Syphilis

Trichomoniasis

Bibliography

19. Infectious Disease Guidelines

Cytomegalovirus

Encephalitis

Lyme Disease

Meningitis

Mononucleosis (Epstein–Barr)

Rheumatic Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Toxoplasmosis

Varicella (Chickenpox)

West Nile Virus

Bibliography

20. Systemic Disorders Guidelines

Anemia, Iron Deficiency (Microcytic, Hyprochromic)

Malnutrition

Megaloblastic Anemia

Cancer Management

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Fevers of Unknown Origin

HIV

Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Lymphadenopathy

Bibliography

21. Musculoskeletal Guidelines

Aging Knee/Knee Pain

Bunion

Degenerative Disc Disease (Neck/Lumbar)

Hammer Toe

Morton’s Neuroma

Neck and Upper Back Disorders

Plantar Fasciitis and Bone Spurs

Sciatica

Shoulder Pain

Spinal Stenosis

Sprains: Ankle and Knee

Bibliography

22. Rheumatological Guidelines

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Fibromyalgia

Gout

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis/Kyphosis/Fracture

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Pseudogout

Psoriatic Arthritis

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Temporal Arteritis/GCA

Vitamin D Deficiency

Bibliography

23. Neurologic Guidelines

Alzheimer’s Disease

Bell’s Palsy

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Guillain–Barré Syndrome

Headache

Migraine Headache

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Multiple Sclerosis

Myasthenia Gravis

Neurocognitive Disorders (Dementia)

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Parkinson’s Disease

Restless Legs Syndrome

Seizures

Stroke

Transient Global Amnesia

Transient Ischemic Attack

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Vertigo

Bibliography

24. Endocrine Guidelines

Addison’s Disease

Cushing’s Syndrome

Diabetes Mellitus

Galactorrhea

Gynecomastia

Hypogonadism

Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance Syndrome

Obesity

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Thyroid Disease

Bibliography

25. Psychiatric Guidelines

Anxiety

Bipolar Disorder

Depression

Failure to Thrive

Grief

Intimate Partner Violence

Sleep Disorders

Substance Use Disorders

Suicide

Violence Against the Older Adult

Bibliography

II. PROCEDURES

Bimanual Examination: Cervical Evaluation During Pregnancy

Canalith Repositioning (Epley) Procedure for Vertigo

Clock-Draw Test

Cystometry

Establishing the Estimated Date of Delivery

Evaluation of Sprains

Hernia Reduction (Inguinal/Groin)

Inserting an Oral Airway

Intrauterine Device (IUD) Insertion

Neurologic Examination

Pap Smear and Maturation Index Procedures

Pessary Insertion and Management

Prostatic Massage Technique: Two-Glass Test

Rectal Prolapse Reduction

Removal of a Foreign Body From the Nose

Removal of a Tick

Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)/Podophyllin Therapy

Wet Mount/Cervical Cultures

Bibliography

III. PATIENT TEACHING GUIDES

Abdominal Pain

Acne Rosacea

Acne Vulgaris

Addison’s Disease

Alcohol and Drug Dependence

Allergic Rhinitis

Amenorrhea

Ankle Exercises

Antepartum: First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding

Aphthous Stomatitis

Asthma

Asthma Action Plan and Peak Flow Monitoring

Atherosclerosis and Hyperlipidemia

Atrial Fibrillation

Back Stretches

Bacterial Pneumonia

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bell’s Palsy

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bronchitis, Acute

Bronchitis, Chronic

Cerumen Impaction (Earwax)

Cervicitis

Chlamydia

Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Pain

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Common Cold

Conjunctivitis

Contraception: How to Take Birth Control Pills (For a 28-Day Cycle)

Coping Strategies for Teens and Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Cough

Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Cushing’s Syndrome

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Dementia

Dermatitis

Diabetes

Diarrhea

Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstrual Cramps or Periods)

Dyspareunia (Pain With Intercourse)

Eczema

Emergency Contraception Pills

Emphysema

Endometritis

Epididymitis

Erythema Multiforme

Fecal Incontinence

Fibrocystic Breast Changes and Breast Pain

Fibromyalgia

Folliculitis

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gestational Diabetes

Gonorrhea

Gout

Grief

Hemorrhoids

Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

How to Administer Eye Medications

How to Use a Metered-Dose Inhaler

Human Papillomavirus

Influenza (Flu)

Insect Bites and Stings

Insulin Therapy During Pregnancy

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Iron-Deficiency Anemia (Pregnancy)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Jaundice and Hepatitis

Knee Exercises

Lactose Intolerance and Malabsorption

Lice (Pediculosis)

Lichen Planus

Lyme Disease and Removal of a Tick

Lymphedema

Management of Ulcers

Managing Your Parkinson’s Disease

Mastitis

Menopause

Migraine Headaches

Mild Head Injury

Mononucleosis

Myasthenia Gravis

Neck Exercises

Nicotine Dependence

Nocturia

Nosebleeds

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis

Otitis Externa

Otitis Media With Effusion

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Pharyngitis

Pityriasis Rosea

Pneumonia, Viral

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Postpartum: Breast Engorgement and Sore Nipples

Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Preterm Labor

Prostatitis

Psoriasis

Reference Resources for Patients With HIV/AIDS

RICE Therapy and Exercise Therapy

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Removal of a Tick

Safety Issues: Fall Prevention

Safety Issues: Medication Safety

Scabies

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Sinusitis

Skin Care Assessment

Sleep Apnea

Sleep Disorders/Insomnia

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

Syphilis

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Testicular Self-Examination

Thrush

Tinea

Tinea Versicolor

Tinnitus

Tips to Relieve Constipation

Toxoplasmosis

Transient Ischemic Attack

Trichomoniasis

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Urinary Incontinence: Women

Urinary Retention

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy: Pyelonephritis

Vaginal Bleeding: Second and Third Trimester

Vaginal Yeast Infection

Varicose Veins

Vitamin B₁₂ Including Pernicious Anemia

Warts

Wound Care: Lower Extremity Ulcers

Wound Care: Pressure Injuries/Ulcers

Wound Infection: Episiotomy and Cesarean Section

Wounds of the Skin

Xerosis (Winter Itch)

Appendices

Appendix A: Normal Laboratory Values

Appendix B: Dietary Recommendations

Appendix C: Beers Criteria

Appendix D: Deprescribing Algorithms

Appendix E: American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) Algorithms for the Updated Consensus Guidelines for Managing Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors

Index