Health and Safety in Emergency Management and Response - Dana L. Stahl

Health and Safety in Emergency Management and Response

(Autor)

Buch | Hardcover
496 Seiten
2021
John Wiley & Sons Inc (Verlag)
978-1-119-56097-5 (ISBN)
131,56 inkl. MwSt
This book familiarizes personnel serving as Emergency Managers, Safety Officers, Assistant Safety Officers, and in other safety-relevant Incident Command System (ICS) roles with physical and psychosocial hazards and stressors that may impact the health and safety of workers and responders in an All-Hazards Response, and ways to minimize exposure. This book provides knowledge on regulations and worker safety practices to the Safety Officer with an emergency responder background, and provides the tools for the Safety Officer with an industrial hygiene or safety professional background that help them be successful in this role. In order to work together effectively, it is important that anyone responding to an emergency be familiar with all standards and protocols.

DANA L. STAHL, MS, CIH has more than twenty years of experience managing workplace safety and health programs in manufacturing and with local government. Currently, she is the Safety and Health Manager for The Seattle Public Library, a department of the City of Seattle. She is also an instructor with the Pacific Northwest OSHA Training Center, and has worked at the OSHA Training Center as a content manager with responsibility for updating and maintaining student manuals and curriculum. Previously, she worked as the Manager of Health, Safety and Emergency Management at the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority. She serves on the Public Employee's Panel to the Washington State Governor's Safety Advisory Board, The American Industrial Hygiene Association Incident Preparedness and Response Working Group (IPWRG), and spent five years on the board of the Pacific Northwest Section of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (PNS-AIHA), including as the section's 2016 President.

Foreword xiii

Acronyms xvii

1 Safety in Emergencies and Disasters 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 9/11 Response 2

1.3 Deepwater Horizon 4

1.4 Emergency Responders 9

1.5 Toxicology: How Do We Know What Causes Cancer or Other Health Effects? 14

1.6 Principles of Injury and Illness Prevention 21

1.7 Safety Management in Incident Response 26

1.8 Safety Officer Qualifications 30

1.9 Summary 34

References 35

2 Applicability of Safety Regulations in Emergency Response 39

2.1 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 39

2.2 State Plan States and Territories 41

2.3 Tribes 44

2.4 Safety Requirements in Fire Departments 45

2.5 Safety Requirements in Law Enforcement 47

2.6 Additional Federal Safety Regulations 49

2.7 Safety Expectations in the National Preparedness Goal and Supporting Frameworks 49

2.8 OSHA, ESF #8, and the Worker Safety and Health Support Annex 51

2.9 Safety in State Emergency Management Plans 56

2.10 Liability in Incident Response 60

2.11 Multiemployer Worksites 60

2.12 Summary 62

References 63

3 Types of Emergencies and Disasters, and Related Hazards 65

3.1 The All-Hazards Approach 65

3.2 Hazardous Materials Release or Spill 65

3.3 Severe Weather 75

3.3.1 Extreme Heat 75

3.3.2 Extreme Cold 76

3.3.3 Winter Storms 77

3.3.4 Thunderstorms 78

3.3.5 Hailstorms 78

3.4 Tropical Storms, Hurricanes, and Windstorms 79

3.5 Tornados 83

3.6 Floods 84

3.7 Landslides 88

3.8 Earthquakes 90

3.9 Volcanic Eruption 96

3.10 Tsunami 98

3.11 Fire 99

3.11.1 Chemical Exposures in Firefighting 100

3.11.2 Additional Hazards to Firefighters 107

3.11.3 Wildland Fires 108

3.12 Transportation Incidents 109

3.12.1 Aircraft Incidents 109

3.12.2 Rail Incidents 111

3.13 Pandemic 113

3.14 Radiological Incident 116

3.15 Terrorism Attack: Chemical or Biological Release 118

3.16 Summary 120

References 120

4 Regulatory Requirements and Their Applicability in Emergency Response 127

4.1 Hazard Communication 128

4.2 Personal Protective Equipment 129

4.3 Respiratory Protection 132

4.3.1 Respirator Selection 133

4.3.2 Medical Qualification for Respirator Wearers 136

4.3.3 Respirator Fit Testing 137

4.3.4 Respirator Care and Maintenance 138

4.3.5 Substance Specific Requirements 139

4.4 Blood-borne Pathogens 139

4.5 Fall Protection 143

4.6 Excavations 144

4.7 Confined Space 146

4.8 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) 147

4.9 Noise exposures 148

4.10 Sanitation and Temporary Labor Camps 151

4.11 Operation of Heavy Equipment 154

4.12 General Duty Clause Citations 155

4.13 Heat 156

4.14 Traffic Control 160

4.15 Ergonomics 160

4.16 Fatigue 162

4.17 Food Safety 165

4.18 Summary 165

References 166

5 Safety Training for a Response 171

5.1 Respirators 172

5.2 PPE 173

5.3 Blood-borne Pathogens 174

5.4 Noise 176

5.5 Chemical Hazards (General) 177

5.6 Chemical-Specific Hazards 178

5.7 Asbestos 179

5.8 Lead 180

5.9 Silica 181

5.10 Hexavalent Chromium 181

5.11 Fall Protection 182

5.12 Material Handling Equipment 183

5.13 Heat Exposure 185

5.14 HAZWOPER 187

5.15 Fatigue 189

5.16 Distracted Driving 191

5.17 OSHA 10- and 30-Hour Training 191

5.18 OSHA Disaster Site Worker Outreach Training Program 193

5.19 Delivering Training 198

5.20 Learning Styles 199

5.21 Efficiency 200

5.22 Summary 201

References 201

6 Industrial Hygiene and Medical Monitoring 205

6.1 Exposure Evaluation and Respirator Selection 205

6.2 Respirator Medical Evaluation 206

6.3 Blood-borne Pathogens and Hepatitis B Vaccines 209

6.4 Medical Evaluations Following Needlestick Injuries and Other Blood-borne Pathogen Exposure Incidents 210

6.5 Hearing Tests and Audiograms 212

6.6 Lead 214

6.7 Silica 217

6.8 Asbestos 219

6.9 Hexavalent Chromium 220

6.10 Benzene 222

6.11 Cadmium 224

6.12 Other Substance-Specific Standards 227

6.13 First Aid and Emergency Medical Response 227

6.14 HAZWOPER 227

6.15 Diving 230

6.16 Ergonomics 232

6.17 Payment for Medical Exams 232

6.18 Logistics of Conducting Medical Surveillance 232

6.19 Recordkeeping 1910.1020 234

6.20 Summary 235

References 235

7 Psychological Hazards Related to Emergency Response 237

7.1 Neurophysiological Response to Fear and Stress 238

7.2 Acute Stress Disorder 239

7.3 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 240

7.4 Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 241

7.5 Cumulative Traumatic Stress Exposures 242

7.6 Risk Factors for Developing PTSD 244

7.7 Compassion Fatigue and Secondary Traumatic Stress 245

7.8 Coping Mechanisms 246

7.9 The Impact of Preexisting Conditions 247

7.10 Stress, Trauma, and Decision-Making 248

7.11 Substance Abuse 250

7.12 First Responder Suicides 251

7.13 Prevention: Mental Health Wellness 253

7.14 The Role of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) 255

7.15 Additional Treatment Options 258

7.16 Psychological First Aid 259

7.17 Mental Health First Aid 263

7.18 Responders in Their Own Community: Missing or Deceased Family Members 264

7.19 Stress Management Programs 265

7.20 Summary 266

References 266

8 Safety Officer Duties During an Incident Response 273

8.1 Initial Response and the Planning “P” 273

8.2 The Operations “O” 282

8.3 The Incident Action Plan (IAP) 282

8.4 Incident Objectives 285

8.5 Strategies 285

8.6 Tactics 288

8.7 Incident Safety Analysis 290

8.8 The Planning Meeting 300

8.9 Development of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) 301

8.10 ICS Form 208: Safety Message/Plan 309

8.11 Demobilization Planning 350

8.12 The Operations Briefing 351

8.13 New Operational Period Begins 352

8.14 Summary 355

References 356

9 Assistant Safety Officers, Technical Specialists, and Other Safety Support Roles 357

9.1 Assistant Safety Officer 358

9.2 Duties of Assistant Safety Officers 360

9.3 Technical Specialists 361

9.4 Industrial Hygienists 363

9.5 Toxicologist 365

9.6 Health Physicist 365

9.7 Safety Engineer 366

9.8 Competent Persons 367

9.9 Health and Safety Trainer 367

9.10 Respiratory Protection Program Administrator 367

9.11 Decontamination Specialist 369

9.12 Field Observer for Safety Officer 371

9.13 Occupational Medicine Specialist 371

9.14 Behavioral Health Specialist 372

9.15 Environmental Monitoring 373

9.16 Risk Assessor 374

9.17 Food Safety Specialist 375

9.18 Environmental Health/Sanitation Specialist 376

9.19 Safety Support for Temporary Support Facilities 376

9.20 Summary 377

References 377

10 Integrating Safety into Emergency Planning 379

10.1 The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 379

10.2 State Emergency Response Commissions (SERC) 380

10.3 Tribal Emergency Response Commissions (TERC) 381

10.4 Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) 381

10.5 Emergency Planning Under the National Response Framework 384

10.6 Community Emergency Response Teams 387

10.7 Emergency Planning Guidance from the United Nations 387

10.8 NFPA 1600 389

10.9 Regulated Industries 390

10.10 Process Safety Management–Emergency Response 390

10.11 HAZWOPER Emergency Planning Requirements 391

10.12 Airport Emergency Plans 392

10.13 Passenger Train Emergency Preparedness Plan (PTEPP) 395

10.14 Consolidation of Plans Written to Meet Differing Regulatory Requirements 399

10.15 Integrating Responder Safety Considerations into Emergency Plans 400

10.16 Participation as a Stakeholder to Incorporate Worker Safety into Emergency Plans 402

10.17 Summary 403

References 403

11 Safety in Drills and Exercises 405

11.1 Types of Exercises 406

11.2 Exercise Requirements for Airports 408

11.3 Exercise Requirements for Passenger Railroads 410

11.4 Exercising Emergency Plans Under OSHA’s Process Safety Management Standard and HAZWOPER 412

11.5 Oil Response Plan Training, Drill, and Exercise Requirements 414

11.6 Other Industries 415

11.7 National Exercise Program 416

11.8 Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) 419

11.9 Moving Toward a Common Approach to Exercises 427

11.10 Exercise Safety Plan 428

11.11 Summary 429

References 430

12 Safety in Continuity of Operations 433

12.1 National Essential Functions 433

12.2 Critical Infrastructure 434

12.3 Importance of Continuity 435

12.4 Essential Functions in Organizations 437

12.5 Risk Mitigation 439

12.6 Continuity Plans and the Employees That Carry Them Out 441

12.7 Continuity Safety Plans 443

12.8 Reasonable Accommodations During Continuity Operations 445

12.9 Medical Support for Employees During Continuity Operations 446

12.10 Information Technology Disaster Recovery Plans 447

12.11 Safety Program Essential Records 447

12.12 Pandemic Planning 448

12.13 Training, Testing, and Exercising Continuity of Operations Plans 452

12.14 Reconstitution and the New Normal 453

12.15 Summary 454

References 454

Index 457

Erscheinungsdatum
Verlagsort New York
Sprache englisch
Maße 158 x 231 mm
Gewicht 885 g
Themenwelt Studium Querschnittsbereiche Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
Naturwissenschaften Chemie
Technik Bauwesen
Wirtschaft Betriebswirtschaft / Management
ISBN-10 1-119-56097-7 / 1119560977
ISBN-13 978-1-119-56097-5 / 9781119560975
Zustand Neuware
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