Smith's Textbook of Endourology, 2 Volume Set

Arthur D. Smith, MD, Chairman Emeritus, Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.

Gopal H. Badlani, MD, Professor of Urology and Gynecology, Vice chair Department of Urology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Glenn M. Preminger, MD, Professor of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

Louis R. Kavoussi, MD, Chairman of Urology, Arthur Smith Institute of Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

About the Companion Website

SECTION 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Care and Sterilization of Instruments
Carol Olsen

2. Radiation Safety During Diagnosis and Treatment
Yasser A. Noureldin and Sero Andonian

3. Enhanced Endoscopic Imaging
Ghalib Jibara and Michael E. Lipkin

4. Preoperative Antibiotics and Prevention of Sepsis in Urologic Endoscopic Surgery
Manish N. Patel and Jorge Gutierrez-Aceves

5. Management of the Anticoagulated Patient
Zeph Okeke

SECTION 2: PERCUTANEOUS RENAL SURGERY

Part 1: Perioperative Considerations

6. Surgical Anatomy of the Kidney for Endourological Procedures
Francisco J.B. Sampaio

7. Nephrolithometric Scoring Systems for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Roshan Patel, Daniel J. Lama and Zhamshid Okhunov

8. Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction
Frederick A. Gulmi and Diane Feslon

9. Organizing the Endourological Operating Room
Ravindra B. Sabnis, Abhishek Singh and Shashikant Mishra

10. Endoscopic Training/Simulation
Zichen Zhao and Robert M. Sweet

Part 2: Patient Positioning for Percutaneous Access

11. Patient Positioning, Supine and the Rationale of ECIRS
Cesare M. Scoffone and Cecilia M. Cracco

12. Prone, Lateral, and Flexed: Patient Positioning for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Robert J. Sowerby, A. Andrew Ray and R. John D’A Honey

Part 3: Imaging for Access

13. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Under Fluoroscopic Control
Norbert O. Bernardo and Maximilian Lopez Silva

14. Dyna-CT Guided vs. Standard CT-Guided Renal Access
Manuel Ritter and Maurice-Stephan Michel

15. Endoscopic Guided Percutaneous Renal Access
Zhamshid Okhunov, Kamaljot S. Kaler, Simone Vernez, Rahul Dutta, Jaime Landman and Ralph V. Clayman

16. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Under Ultrasound
Mahesh R. Desai and Arvind Ganpule

17. New Concepts of Renal Access I Pad, GPS and Others
Estevao Lima, Pedro L. Rodgrigues, Marie-Clare Rassweiler and Joao L. Vilaca

Part 4: Selection of Access and Dilation

18. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy – Upper Pole Access
Davis P. Viprakasit and Nicole L. Miller

19. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Without Image Guidance
Arthur D. Smith

20. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access – Robotic
Michelle Jo Semins, Dan Stoiznovici and Brian R. Matlaga

21. Dilation of the Nephrostomy Tract
Peter Alken

Part 5: Stone Removal

22. Rigid and Flexible Nephroscopy
Timothy Y.I. Tran and Mantua Gupta

23. Percutaneous Antegrade Ureteroscopy
Burak Turna, Umit Eskidemir and Oktay Nazli

24. Small Caliber PNL: Mini, UMP and Microperc
Janak D. Desai and Arkadiusz Miernik

25. PCNL: Special Problems with Staghorns
Monica A. Farcas and Kenneth Pace

26. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy – Stone Extraction and Lithotripsy
Samir Derisavifard

27. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children
Adam S. Howe, Jordan S. Gitlin and R. John D’A. Honey

Part 6: other Uses of Nephrostomy Access

28. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy of Calyceal Diverticula, Infundibular Stenosis, Simple Cysts
Nadya E. York and James E. Lingeman

29. Percutaneous Instillation of Chemolytic, Chemotherapeutic, and Antifungal Agents
Mohamed A. Elkoushy and Sero Andonian

30. Percutaneous Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Michael W. Sourial, Bodo E. Knudsen and Paul J. van Cangh

31. Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Piruz Motomedinia and Shu Pan

Part 7: Exit Strategy and Complications

32. The Access-related Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Vasudevan Vinaya, Okeke Zeph and Arthur D. Smith

33. Hemorrhagic Complications Associated with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Sriram V. Eleswarapu and David A. Leavit

34. Diagnosis and Management of Thoracic Complications of Percutaneous Renal Surgery
John R. Bell and Stephen Y. Nakada

35. Bowel and other organ injuries with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
John J. Knoedler, Matthew T. Gettman and Chad J. Fleming

36. Exit strategies after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy – Small N-tubes, Tubeless
Damien M. Bolton and Derek B. Hennessey

37. Problems with Residual Stones
Noah E. Canvasser and Margaret S. Pearle

SECTION 3: URETEROSCOPY

Part 1: General Principles

38. Ureteral Anatomy
Gary Faerber, Amir H. Lebastchi and Rita P. Jen

39. Rigid Ureteroscopes
Omar M. Aboumarzouk and Francis X. Keeley, Jr

40. Flexible Ureteroscopes
Vincent G. Bird and John M. Shields

41. Rigid Ureteroscope with Flexible Tip and Special Instrumentation
Yinghao Sun and Ziaofeng Gao

42. Digital Ureteroscopes
Murat Binbay and Burak Ucpinar

43. Ureteroscopy Working Instruments
Renato N. Pedro and Manoj Monga

44. Access to the Ureter: Rigid Ureteroscopy
Jose De La Cerda and Timothy Y. Tseng

45. Access to the ureter – Flexible Ureteroscopy
Ojas Shah and Mark Silva

46. Ureteroscopy Energy Sources
Daniel A. Wollin and Glenn M. Preminger

47. Ureterorenoscopy Management of Ureteral Calculi
Gautam Jayram, Charles U. Nottingham, Melanie A. Adamsky, Richard J. Fantus and Glenn S. Gerber

48. Ureteroscopic Management of Renal Calculi
Steeve Doizi and Olivier Traxer

49. Diagnostic Ureteroscopy
Hendrik Heers and Benjamin W. Turney

50. Uteroscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Neoplasms
Scott G. Hubosky and Demetrius H. Bagley

Part 2: Ureteroscopic Management of Ureteral Obstruction

51. Retrograde Endopyelotomy
Weil R. Lai and Raju Thomas

52. Endoscopic Management of Mid Ureteral Obstruction
Samuel Abourbih and D. Duane Baldwin

53. Endoscopic Management of Distal Ureteral Strictures
Michael Zhang, Ali Fathollahi, Joel Hillesohn and Majid Eshghi

54. Endoscopic Management of Ureteroenteric Strictures
Thomas Masterson and Robert Marcovich

55. Ureterorenoscopy - Ureteral Stents and Post-operative Care
Ben H. Chew, Anthony Emmott, Dirk Lange and Ryan F. Paterson

56. Ureteroscopy Complications
Joel E. Abbott and Roger L. Sur

57. Retrograde Intra-Renal Surgery (RIRS) in the Future – Robotics
Anup Patel

SECTION 4: SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY

58. Physics of Shock-Wave Lithotripsy
Andreas Neisius and Pei Zhong

59. Lithotripsy Systems

Geert G. Tailly

60. Shock-Wave Lithotripsy of Renal Calculi
Brian H. Eisner and Naren Nimmagadda

61. Shock-Wave Lithotripsy of Ureteral Calculi
Thomas Tailly and Hassan Razvi

62. Complications of Shock-Wave Lithotripsy
Christian Tuerk and Aleš Petøík

SECTION 5: STONE MANAGEMENT IN UROLOGY

Part 1: General Principles

63. Natural History of Stones
Johann P. Ingimarsson and Amy E. Krambeck

64. Initial Choice of Therapy in the Stone Patient
Peter L. Steinberg and David M. Hoenig

65. Management of Urolithiasis in Pregnancy
Husain Alenezi and John D. Denstedt

66. Management of Renal Colic and Triage in the Emergency Department
Marius C. Conradie

Part 2: Management of Stones in Abnormal Situations

67. Management of Stones in Horseshoe Kidneys
Chandra Shekhar Biyani and Adrian D. Joyce

68. Pelvic Kidneys

Win Shun Lai, Vidhush K. Yarlagadda, and Dean G. Assimos

69. Management of Stone Disease in Renal Transplant Kidneys
Brian Duty and Michael Lam

70. Stone in Urinary Diversions
Bodo E. Knudsen and Michael W. Sourial

71. Management of Stones in Obesity
Omer L. Tuncay and Cenk Acar

Part 3: Cost Effectiveness and Long-term Stenting

72. Cost Effective Strategies for Stone Management
Justin I. Friedlander and Eric M. Ghiraldi

73. Long-Term Stenting of the Ureter
Panagiotis Kallidonis, Wissam Kamal, Dimitrios Kotsiris, Dimitrios Karnabatidis and Evangelos Liatsikos

SECTION 6: LAPAROSCOPY AND ROBOTIC SURGERY

Part 1: General Principles

74. New Surgical Robotics
Alabdulaal Ibrahim and Koon Ho Rha

75. Training and Credentialing Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery
Domenico Veneziano and David M. Hananel

76. Patient Preparation and Operating Room Set-up for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery
Weil R. Lai and Benjamin R. Lee

77. Patient Preparation and Operating Room Set-up for Robotic Surgery
Dima Raskalnikov, Mahir Maruf and Arvin K. George

78. Physiologic Considerations in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery
Adam G. Kaplan and Michael N. Ferrandino

79. Anesthetic Management During Laparoscopic /Robotic Surgery
Judith Aronsohn, Oonagh Dowling and Gregg Palleschi

Part 2: Instrumentation, Access and Exit

80. Laparoscopic Surgery: Basic Instrumentation
Ornob Roy

81. Robotic Surgery: Basic Instrumentation and Troubleshooting
Wooju Jeong, Mouafak Touorojman and Craig Rogers

82. Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Techniques: Suture, Staple and Clip Technology
Ali A. Raheem and Koon Ho Rha

83. Transperitoneal Access and Trocar Placement
Angelo Territo and Alberto Breda

84. Retroperitoneal Access and Trocar Placement
Lambros Stamatakis and Soroush Rais-Bahrami

85. Basic Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Techniques
Sapan N. Ambani and J. Stuart Wolf, Jr

86. Laparoscopic Exit: Specimen Removal, Closure and Drainage
Fernando J. Kim, Riccardo Autorino and Rodrigo Donalisio da Silva

Part 3 Complication

87. Complications in Urologic Laparoscopy
David Canes, Camilo Gedelman and Rene J. Sotelo

88. Complications of Laparoscopic Including Robotics
Friedrich-Carl von Rundstedt, Richard E. Link and Marcelo Chen

Part 4: Laparoscopy/Robotics for Malignant Disease

89. Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
Marc Manganiello and Andrew Wagner

90. Endoscopic Subcutaneous Modified Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection (ESMIL) for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis
Jay T. Bishoff and Kefu Du

91. Laparoscopic and Robotic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection
James R. Porter

92. Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy
Simpa S. Salami

93. Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Advancements in Innovations
Sameer Chopra, Mehar Bains and Inderbir S. Gill

94. Intraoperative Assessment of Tumor Resection Margins
Ilan Z. Kafka and Timothy D. Averch

95. Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy
Wayland J. Wu and Jessica E. Kreshover

96. Laparoscopic and Robotic Radical Cystectomy in Males and Females
Douglas S. Scherr, David M. Golombos and Abimbola Ayangbesan

97. Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Cystectomy
Manish A. Vira and Paras H. Shah

98. Laparoscopic Cystoprostatectomy with Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit
Alvin C. Goh, Brian J. Miles and Arun Rai

99. Laparoscopic/Robotic Continent Diversion
Christopher R. Reynolds and Ashok K. Hemal

100. Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
Jens Rassweiler, Giovannalberto Pini, Marcel Fiedler, Ali Serdar Goezen and Dogu Teber

101. Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
Zeyad Schwen and Misop Han

102. Optimizing Outcomes During Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Matthew Goland-Van Ryn, Daniel Rosen, T. Bessede and Ash Tewari

Part 5: Laparoscopy/Robotics for Benign Disease

103. Laparoscopic and Robotic Reconstructive Ureteral Surgery: Basic Principles
Aaron C. Weinberg, Yuka Yamaguchi, Lee C. Zhao and Michael D. Stifelman

104. Laparoscopic Applications to Renal Calculus Disease
Christopher S. Han and Sammy E. Elsamra

105. Laparoscopic Treatment of Renal Cysts and Diverticula
Salvator Micali, Eugenio Martorana, Giacomo M. Pirola and Giampaolo Bianchi

106. Laparoscopic and Robotic Techniques for Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Sandeep Gurram and Farzeen Firoozi

107. Laparoscopic and Robotic Techniques for Repair of Female Genitourinary Fistulas
Chad Baxter and Vishnukamal Golla

108. Laparoscopic, Laparoendoscopic Single Site, and Robotic-Assisted Living Donor Nephrectomy
Ganesh Sivarajan and Ravi Munver

109. Robot Kidney Transplantation
Rajesh Ahlawat, Sohrab Arora and Mani Menon

110. Minimally Invasive Surgery for Benign Prostate Disease: Laparoscopic and Robotic Techniques
Mark Ferretti, Amul Bhalodi and John Phillips

111. Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Tadashi Matsuda, Hidefumi Kinoshita, Yoshihide Kawasaki and Akira Miyajima

112. Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Seminal Vesicles
Eric H. Kim, R. Sherburne Figenshau and Gerald L. Andriole

113. Modern Techniques in Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair; A Guide for the Practicing Endourologist
Douglas Held

114. Robotic Assisted Vasectomy Reversal
Parviz K. Kavoussi

Part 6: Laparoscopy/Robotics in Children

115. Laparoscopic Considerations in Childre
Rajeev Chaudhry, Michelle Yu and Michael C. Ost

116. Laparoscopic and Robotic Pyeloplasty in Children
Kai-wen Chuang

117. Lower Ureteral Reconstruction: Robotic surgery
S. Duke Herrell

118. Laparoscopic Management of the Undescended Testicle
Brian A. VanderBrink

119. Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy
Bradley A. Morganstern and Lane S. Palmer

Part 7: Laparoscopy and Robotics--LESS and NOTES

120. Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Ports, Access and instrumentation
Noah E. Canvasser and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu

121. Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Upper Tract Surgery
Christian Tabib, Geoffrey S. Gaunay and Lee Richstone

122. Laparoendoscopic Single-Site (R-LESS): Lower Urinary Tract Surgery
Daniel Ramirez, Matthew J. Maurice and Jihad H. Kaouk

SECTION 7: IMAGE-GUIDED DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS

Part 1: Upper Tract

123. Diagnosis of Renal Masses: Radiological
Gail S. Smith, Carolyn S. Donaldson and Richard M. Gore

124. Renal Mass Biopsy
M. Pilar Laguna and Jean de la Rosette

125. Radiofrequency Ablation of Renal Tumors
Ryan L. Steinberg and Chad R. Tracy

126. Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Masses
David N. Siegel and Alok A. Anand

Part 2: Angio-embolization in Urology

127. Gonadal Vein Embolization
Pratik A. Shukla, Gajan Sivananthan and Ardeshi R. Rastinehad

128. Renal Angiography and Embolization
Igor Lobko and Anthony D. Mohabir

129. Selective Arterial Prostatic Embolization for BPH
Robert C. Blue, Aaron M. Fischman and Ardeshir R. Rastinehad

Part 3: Focal Therapy Lower Tract

130. The role and methodology of multiparametric MRI and fusion-guided biopsy in the management of prostate cancer patients
Raju R. Chelluri, Arvin K. George, Joseph A. Baiocco, Baris Turkbey and Peter A. Pinto,

131. Focal Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Kae Jack Tay and Thomas J. Polascik

132. Focal Laser Ablation for Carcinoma of Prostate
Tonye A. Jones, Shyam Natarajan and Leonard S. Marks

133. Image –guided Prostate Brachytherapy
Michael R. Folkert, Neil B. Desai and Yoshiya Yamada

134. Image-guided External Beam Radiotherapy
Brett Cox, Lucille Lee and Louis Potters

135. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound of the Prostate
Edward J. Bass, Hashim U. Ahmed and Mark Emberton

136. Cryotherapy of the Prostate
Daniel B. Rukstalis

137. Cryosurgical Ablation of the Prostate
Rajan Ramanathan, Yaw. A. Nyame and J. Stephen Jones

138. Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in Urology
Rogier R. Wildeboer, Jean de la Rosette, Massimo Mischi and Hessel Wijkstra

139. Prostatic Magnetic Imaging Principles
Sonia Gaur, Baris Turkbey and Peter L. Choyke

140. Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Assessment
Henry Tran, Matthew Rutman, Doreen E. Chung and Jerry G. Blaivas

141. Office Based Cystoscopy: Continued Advances
Judson D. Davies and Sam S. Chang

142. Equipment Setup and Patient Handouts
John R. Schwabe, Amanda P. Hughes, Crystal R. Combs and Gopal H. Badlani

143. Local Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Treatment of The Prostate in the Office Setting
Arun Rai, Jay Hollander, Damon Dyche and Ricardo R. Gonzalez

144. Laser in BPH Treatment: Basic Principles
Christopher Netsch, Bilal Chughtai, Alexis E. Te and Ahmed M. Elshal

145. Holmium Laser Therapy of the Prostate
Ahmed M. Elshal and Mostafa M. Elhilali

146. C532-nm High-PowerTransurethral Laser Prostatectomy
Bilal Chughtai, Dominique Thomas and Alexis E. Te

147. Thulium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
Andreas J. Gross and Christopher Netsch

148. The Prostatic Urethral Lift Procedure using the Urolift Implants: Novel Minimally Invasive Therapy for BPH
Daniel B. Rukstalis

149. Goals and Expectations of Ablation techniques, and Emerging Therapies for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An editorial
Catriona I. MacRae and Peter Gilling

150. Monopolar Transurethral Resection of Prostate
Madhu S. Agrawal and Dilip K. Mishra

151. Ablation of Prostate: Bipolar Resection
Jaspreet S. Sandhu

152. Bipolar Vaporization of Prostate
Ahmet Karakeci, Kyle Richards and Gopal H. Badlani

153. Single Port for Prostate Surgery
Rene J. Sotelo, Oscar D. Martín Garzón, Camilo Giedelman, Fatima Z. Hussain and Mihir Desai

154. Bladder Injections for Refractory Overactive Bladder Intra- and Trans-vesical Procedures
Adam Althaus and Anurag K. Das

155. STING Procedure for Reflux
Steve J. Hodges

156. Minimally Invasive Therapy for Bladder Pain Syndrome (Interstitial Cystitis)
Ricardo Palmerola, Sandeep Gurram and Robert Moldwin

157. New Techniques for Resecting Bladder Tumors
Alexey G. Martov, Dmitry V. Ergakov, Nikolay A. Baykov and Zhamshid Okhunov

158. Incision: Endoscopic Management of Urethral Stenoses
Gerald H. Jordan and Kurt A. McCammon

159. Endoscopic Management of Bladder Neck Contracture Following Radical Prostatectomy
Susan MacDonald, R. Caleb Kovell, Joseph Tortora and Ryan Terlecki

160. Single-Incision Slings
Michael J. Kennelly and Dina A. Bastawros

161. Bio-injectables for SUI: (Stress Urinary Incontinence)
Ryan Dobbs, Simone Crivello and John J. Smith

162. Mid-urethral Slings for the Treatment of Female Stress Incontinence
Alice Drain and Victor W. Nitti

163. Maxi/Pubovaginal Sling
Gopal H. Badlani and Joao P. Zambon

164. Mesh Complications Associated with Vaginal Prolapse Surgery
Jeffrey S. Schachar and G. Willy Davila

165. Male Slings for Treatment of Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence
Ajay K. Singla and Nirmish Singla

166. Neuromodulation
Anurag K. Das and Dayron Rodriguezodriguez