Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents (eBook)

Acknowledgements 7
Contents 8
Acronyms 10
1 Finite Element Head Modelling and Head Injury Predictors 12
1.1 Head Injury Criteria and Thresholds 12
1.1.1 Injury Criteria Based on Stresses and Strains in the Brain Tissue 15
1.2 Finite Element Head Models 21
References 27
2 Development of a New Finite Element Human Head Model 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Methods and Materials 37
2.2.1 Geometric Modelling 37
2.2.2 Description of the YEAHM 39
2.2.3 Material Modelling 41
2.2.4 Contact and Boundary Conditions 46
References 46
3 Validation of YEAHM 50
3.1 Simulation of Impacts on Cadavers 50
3.1.1 Intracranial Pressure Response Validation 50
3.1.2 Influence of Mesh Quality on the Results 55
3.1.3 Brain Motion Validation 61
References 66
4 Application of Numerical Methods for Accident Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis 68
4.1 Introduction 68
4.2 Vulnerable Road User Impact—Pedestrian Kinematics 69
4.3 Case Study—Pedestrian Accident Analysis 73
4.3.1 Audi TT Vehicle Measurement 78
4.3.2 Material Testing and Verification 80
4.4 Finite Element Vehicle Model 84
4.5 MultiBody Dummy Model 86
4.6 Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Impact Configuration 87
4.7 Analysis of the Results 90
4.8 Head to Windshield Impact 93
4.8.1 Geometry Acquisition 94
4.8.2 Boundary Conditions 96
4.8.3 Windshield Modeling 98
4.8.4 Analysis of the Results for Head-to-Windshield Impact—Biomechanical Perspective 103
4.9 Conclusions 104
References 105