Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, Third Edition

Prof. Giuseppe Mancia is Professor Emeritus, University of Milano-Bicocca, President, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Foundation, Chairman, ESH Educational Board, Past President: International Society of Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension, European Society of Clinical Investigation and Italian Society of Hypertension Prof. Guido Grassi is Full Professor of Internal Medicine at the Clinica Medica of the University of Milano-Bicocca and Director of the Clinica Medica Institute at S. Gerardo Hospital-Monza/Milano Professor Dame Anna F Dominiczak DBE MD FRCP FAHA FRSE FMedSci is Regius Professor of Medicine, Vice-Principal and Head of College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Prof. Konstantinos P. Tsioufis MD, PhD, FESC, FACC is Professor of Cardiology, University of Athens, Hippocratic Hospital, Athens, President of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology and President of European Society of Hypertension Prof. Enrico Agabiti Rosei is Professor Emeritus of Internal Medicine - University of Brescia, Former Director Clinica Medica Generale Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia and Chairman Department of Medicine, Azienda Spedali Civili di Brescia

Section I: Background and Epidemiology. 1. History of the European Society of Hypertension: Past, Present and Future. 2. Hypertension as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor. 3. Hypertension and the Kidney. 4. Blood Pressure Control in Europe and Elsewhere. 5. Socioeconomic Determinants. Section II: Etiological and Pathophysiological Aspects. 6. Hemodynamic Patterns in Hypertension. 7. Genetic Basis of Blood Pressure and Hypertension. 8. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Immune System and Hypertension. 9. Sodium and Potassium. 10. Structural Cardiovascular Changes in Hypertension. 11. Early Vascular Ageing. 12. Autonomic Dysfunction. 13. The Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. 14. Stress, Stress Reduction and Hypertension: An Updated Review. Section III: Associated Risk Factors: Pathogenetic Role and Risk Modification. 15. Heart Rate as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Hypertension. 16. Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. 17. The Metabolic Syndrome in Hypertension. 18. Psychosocial Risk Factors, Airborne Pollution, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases. 19. Serum Uric Acid, Blood Pressure and Hypertension. 20. Dyslipidaemia in Hypertension. Section IV: Blood Pressure Measurements. 21. Old and New Office Blood Pressure Measurement Approaches. 22. Pulse Pressure. 23. Central Blood Pressure. 24. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement. 25. Home Blood Pressure. 26. Day-Night Related Events: Nighttime Blood Pressure Fall and Morning Blood Pressure Rise. 27. Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability. 28. Exercise Blood Pressure: The Prognostic Impact of Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure. Section V: Organ Damage-Measurement/Clinical Value. 29. Cardiac Damage from Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Heart Failure. 30. Structural and Functional Aspects of Brian Damage. 31. Large Artery Damage: Measurement and Clinical Importance. 32. Microcirculation. 33. Endothelial Damage. 34. Retinal Changes. Section VI: Integrated Diagnostic Aspects. 35. The Integrated Diagnostic Approach in General Medicine. 36. Management of Hypertension by the Hypertension Specialist and the Hypertension Excellence Centres. Section VII: Therapeutic Aspects. 37. Non-Pharmacological Interventions. 38. The Protective Cardiovascular Effects of Antihypertensive Treatment. 39. The Nephroprotective Effect of Antihypertensive Treatment. 40. Antihypertensive Drug Classes. 41. Single-Pill Combination Treatments in Hypertension. 42. The J-Curve Phenomenon. 43. A Polypill for Global Cardiovascular Prevention: Current Data and Future Perspectives. 44. Managing Adverse Effects and Drug Intolerance. 45. Adherence to Treatment in Hypertension. 46. Residual Risk in Treated Patients. Section VIII: Special Conditions. 47. Ethnic Factors in Hypertension. 48. Resistant Hypertension: Medical Treatment. 49. Interventional Therapies for Essential Eypertension. 50. Atrial Fibrillation and Arterial Hypertension. 51. The Diabetic/Obese Hypertensive Patient (Including Metabolic Syndrome). 52. Hypertension in Children and Adolescents. 53. Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies. 54. Hypertension Associated with Peripheral Artery Disease. 55. Hypertension in Pregnancy. 56. Drug-Induced Hypertension. 57. Hypertension in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. 58. Blood Pressure Management in Acute Stroke. 59. Blood Pressure Management in the Chronic Post-Stroke Phase. 60. The Post-Transplant Patient with Hypertension. Section IX: Secondary Hypertension. Diagnosis and Treatment. 61. Renovascular Hypertension. 62. Primary Aldosteronism. 63. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Section X: Additional Aspects. 64. Follow-Up of the Hypertensive Patient. 65. 2018 ESC/ESH Hypertension Guidelines.